Seismic Image Acquisition Ghost Compensation Kirchhoff Migration
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current seismic data acquisition techniques face bandwidth limitations due to source and receiver ghosts, which hinder the generation of high-quality images of the subsurface for oil and gas reservoir identification, despite previous efforts to compensate for these ghost effects.
Innovation Solution
Applying a deghost operator to seismic data across a range of ray parameters associated with Kirchhoff migration to generate deghosted traces, which are then buffered and used for improved migration processes, effectively compensating for source and receiver ghost effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional seismic data acquisition is used, then data collection is straightforward, but bandwidth limitations occur due to source and receiver ghosts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies a deghost operator to input traces before Kirchhoff migration to remove ghost effects in advance. This preliminary deghosting action compensates for source and receiver ghosts, allowing the full seismic bandwidth to be utilized without the harmful angle-dependent amplitude and phase distortions that would otherwise limit the usable frequency range.
2Measurement precision
If ghost compensation is applied to improve image quality, then frequency band and signal-to-noise ratio improve, but processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the ray parameters used in Kirchhoff migration by applying deghosting operations across a range of ray parameters. This parameter transformation allows the migration to use deghosted traces that compensate for ghost effects, improving image quality and frequency band while managing processing complexity through efficient operator application.
3Reliability
If deghosting is applied across a range of ray parameters, then ghost compensation is effective, but computational workload increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the ghost compensation process by applying the deghost operator across discrete ray parameters rather than attempting a single comprehensive correction. This segmentation allows for more manageable computational steps while maintaining accurate ghost compensation across the full range of migration angles, balancing reliability with processing efficiency.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the quality of seismic images by removing ghost noise, improving frequency band and signal-to-noise ratio, leading to clearer subsurface imaging and better identification of potential natural resource regions.
Implementation Method 1
the up-going acoustic waves reflected from subsurface reflectors are first recorded by the receivers. Next, the acoustic waves continue to propagate to the surface where they are reflected back down and are recorded again by the receivers as ghosts.
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for ghost compensation of seismic data in conjunction with Kirchhoff migration are described. Input traces are deghosted by applying a deghost operator thereto across a range of ray parameters, which ray parameters are associated with the Kirchhoff migration. The deghosted traces are buffered and then selected for use in the mapping stage of Kirchhoff migration.