Seismic Reverse-Time Migration Noise Attenuation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current reverse-time migration (RTM) processing techniques in seismic data processing generate artifacts such as low frequency noise and shear-like noise, which degrade the accuracy of subsurface imaging.
Innovation Solution
The method involves receiving seismic data and a velocity model, scaling the seismic data dimensions according to the velocity model to normalize it, transforming it into the wavenumber domain, and suppressing non-physical reflection angles to generate a final image with reduced artifacts, using equations like ξ(x,τ)=c(x)·τ/2 and I(x,ξ)=∫Dr(x,t±τnorm)·Ds(x,t∓τnorm)dt, and applying inverse transforms and filtering to enhance image fidelity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If reverse-time migration processing is applied to seismic data, then subsurface imaging capability is improved, but artifacts such as low frequency noise and shear-like noise are generated
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes harmful artifacts from the seismic data by identifying and eliminating non-physical wavenumber components through wavenumber domain filtering. The method separates useful subsurface imaging information from harmful artifacts like low frequency noise and shear-like noise, retaining only the physical reflection components that contribute to accurate imaging.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transforms the seismic data from the time-shift domain to the wavenumber domain, changing the representation parameters to enable artifact removal. By converting to wavenumber components and applying filtering based on wavenumber characteristics, the method changes the data representation to separate and eliminate artifacts while preserving useful information.
2Manufacturing precision
If traditional RTM processing is used, then migration imaging is achieved, but the image resolution and fidelity are degraded due to artifacts
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful artifact problem into a beneficial filtering opportunity. By transforming to the wavenumber domain, the method identifies patterns in artifacts (such as non-physical reflection angles) and uses these patterns as criteria for filtering, converting the artifact problem into a useful selection criterion for retaining only physical reflections.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces the wavenumber domain as an intermediary representation between the raw seismic data and the final image. This intermediate domain allows for artifact removal through wavenumber filtering before the data is used for imaging, serving as a mediator that cleans the data while preserving imaging information.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for processing seismic data includes receiving seismic data and a velocity model (c(x)) for a plurality of locations (x), scaling a dimension of the seismic data according to the velocity model (c(x)) to provide a velocity normalized seismic data, and generating a final image (S(x)) of the subsurface using the velocity normalized seismic data. The velocity normalized seismic data may be a reverse-time migration image (I(x,ξ)) corresponding to the plurality of locations (x) and a plurality of propagation distance offsets (ξ). The method may also include transforming the reverse-time migration image (I(x,ξ)) for the plurality of selected positions (x) to a wavenumber domain to provide velocity normalized wavenumber data (I(k,ψ)) and suppressing data components corresponding to non-physical or undefined reflection angles to provide enhanced wavenumber data (I′(k,ψ)) and using the enhanced wavenumber data (I′(k,ψ)) to generate the final image (S(x)). A corresponding apparatus is also disclosed herein.