Seismic Image Analysis Using Self-Attention for Long-Range Dependencies

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional backpropagation-enabled processes for seismic data analysis have a limited field of view, which restricts the capture of long-range dependencies in seismic images, leading to reduced accuracy and efficiency in identifying geological features and hydrocarbon occurrences.

Innovation Solution

A method involving dependency-training and label-training of backpropagation-enabled processes using self-attention weights to compute spatial relationships between elements of seismic data, allowing for the prediction of geologic features, geophysical properties, and hydrocarbon occurrences, thereby expanding the field of view and improving prediction accuracy.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If conventional backpropagation-enabled processes are used with limited field of view, then computational complexity is reduced, but the ability to capture long-range dependencies deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomputational complexityVSAvoidcapture of long-range dependencies
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSLoss of information

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from local spatial relationships (3x3x3 pixel neighborhoods) to global spatial relationships by introducing self-attention mechanisms that operate across the entire seismic volume. This dimensional expansion allows the model to capture long-range dependencies without proportionally increasing computational complexity through hierarchical attention and efficient implementation strategies.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces self-attention weights as an intermediary mechanism that computes spatial relationships between distant elements. These attention weights act as mediators that selectively capture relevant long-range dependencies while filtering out irrelevant information, enabling the model to overcome the limited field of view of conventional convolutional approaches.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of information

If larger filter sizes are used to expand field of view, then capture of long-range dependencies is improved, but computational time increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapture of long-range dependenciesVSAvoidcomputational time
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the computation of spatial relationships into hierarchical levels, where self-attention mechanisms operate at multiple scales. This segmentation allows the model to capture long-range dependencies at coarse levels and refine details at finer levels, avoiding the need to process all pixel pairs at full resolution simultaneously, thus reducing computational time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements partial attention mechanisms that focus computational resources on the most relevant spatial relationships rather than computing all possible pairwise interactions. By selectively attending to only the most important long-range dependencies, the model achieves effective field of view expansion without the full computational cost of exhaustive pairwise comparisons.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Loss of information

If recursively applying small filters is used to expand field of view, then capture of long-range dependencies is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecapture of long-range dependenciesVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple small filter operations into a single self-attention mechanism that directly computes global spatial relationships. By combining the functionality of multiple recursive convolutional layers into one attention-based operation, the model achieves equivalent long-range dependency capture with reduced architectural complexity and more direct computational paths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Data Source

PatentUS20240264323A1Method for capturing long-range dependencies in seismic images
Publication Date: 2024.08.08 SHELL USA INC

AI summary

A method for capturing long-range dependencies in seismic images involves dependency-training a backpropagation-enabled process, followed by label-training the dependency-trained backpropagation-enabled process. Dependency-training computes spatial relationships between elements of the training seismic data set. Label-training computes a prediction selected from an occurrence, a value of an attribute, and combinations thereof. The label-trained backpropagation-enabled process is used to capture long-range dependencies in a non-training seismic data set by computing a prediction selected from the group consisting of a geologic feature occurrence, a geophysical property occurrence, a hydrocarbon occurrence, an attribute of subsurface data, and combinations thereof.