3D Seismic Data Processing Using Frequency Spectral Decomposition
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Solution Overview
Problem
Structural variations in subsurface reservoirs create noise and multiple signals in three-dimensional seismic imaging datasets, limiting the quality and quantity of information available for hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the production of a Relative Amplitude Preserved (RAP) seismic volume, decomposition into iso-frequency volumes, generation of overburden sediment and reservoir interval maps, and calculation of ratio maps to characterize fluid content within the reservoir, using Frequency Spectral Decomposition (FSD) processing techniques.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional 3D seismic imaging is used to image subsurface reservoirs, then structural information can be obtained, but noise and multiple signals are generated that limit information quality
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the seismic signal into different frequency components through spectral decomposition, separating the desired reservoir information from noise and multiple signals. This frequency-domain segmentation allows selective enhancement of useful signals while suppressing harmful components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts specific frequency components that contain reservoir information while removing or suppressing frequency bands associated with noise and multiple signals. This extraction process isolates the useful information from the harmful factors.
2Measurement precision
If advanced processing techniques are applied to reduce noise and improve signal quality, then information quality improves, but processing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex time-domain processing with frequency-domain spectral decomposition, which provides a more elegant and systematic approach to noise reduction. This substitution simplifies the processing framework while maintaining or improving information quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the processing domain from time-space to frequency domain, transforming the seismic data representation. This parameter transformation enables more effective separation of signal components and simplifies the noise reduction process.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enhances the accuracy and confidence in characterizing fluid content and reservoir structure, reducing noise and multiple signals, thereby improving hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir characterization.
Implementation Method 1
decomposing the RAP processed seismic volume into a first iso-frequency volume
Data Source
AI summary
A method of processing a three-dimensional (3D) seismic dataset includes: producing a relative amplitude preserved (RAP) processed seismic volume that includes a reservoir from the 3D seismic dataset; decomposing the RAP processed seismic volume into a first iso-frequency volume; generating a first overburden sediment interval map and a first reservoir interval zone map for the first iso-frequency volume; generating and outputting a first ratio map for the first iso-frequency volume by dividing the first overburden sediment interval map by the first reservoir interval zone map; and characterizing a fluid content of the reservoir based on the first ratio map.