Seismic Trace Spectral Recombination for High-Frequency Preservation
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Seismic data processing methods, such as nonlinear beamforming and supergrouping, enhance signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) but inadvertently suppress high-frequency content, leading to reduced frequency bands and vertical resolution in prestack seismic data.
Innovation Solution
The method involves generating time-frequency spectra of original and enhanced seismic traces using short-term Fourier transform, recombining their amplitude and phase spectra to preserve high-frequency content, and synthesizing the output traces using inverse short-term Fourier transform, thereby maintaining high-frequency content in seismic data.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If SNR enhancement procedures (nonlinear beamforming, supergrouping) are applied to prestack seismic data, then signal-to-noise ratio is improved, but high-frequency content is suppressed
Solution Approach 1:
The seismic trace is segmented into multiple frequency bands using wavelet decomposition. The high-frequency portion is separated from the low-frequency enhanced signal, allowing independent processing of each frequency component to preserve high-frequency content while maintaining SNR enhancement benefits
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the processing parameters by applying different operations to different frequency components. Low-frequency components undergo SNR enhancement while high-frequency components are preserved through selective masking and recombination, thereby resolving the contradiction between SNR improvement and high-frequency preservation
2Measurement precision
If local stacking is performed to enhance weak seismic signals, then signal detectability is improved, but vertical resolution is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The signal is segmented into frequency components where low frequencies benefit from stacking for detectability while high frequencies maintain the fine detail needed for vertical resolution. This segmentation allows both requirements to be satisfied simultaneously
Solution Approach 2:
Different quality enhancements are applied to different frequency components: low-frequency components receive aggressive stacking for improved detectability, while high-frequency components are preserved with minimal processing to maintain vertical resolution, achieving local optimization for each frequency band
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach effectively widens the frequency band of prestack seismic data, enabling more resolved seismic images and detection of finer subsurface structures while maintaining computational efficiency for modern high-channel count datasets.
Implementation Method 1
generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset; generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from an enhanced seismic dataset
Implementation Method 2
using inverse short-term Fourier transform (ISTFT) to generate the time-based output trace
Data Source
AI summary
Methods, systems, and computer-readable medium to perform operations including: generating a first time-frequency spectrum of a first seismic trace from an original seismic dataset; generating a second time-frequency spectrum of a second seismic trace from an enhanced seismic dataset, where the second seismic trace corresponds to the first seismic trace; and re-combining an amplitude spectrum of the first time-frequency spectrum and a phase spectrum of the second time-frequency spectrum to generate a third time-frequency spectrum of an output trace that corresponds to the first and second seismic traces.