Seismic Wavefield Reconstruction via Multicomponent Sensors
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Solution Overview
Problem
Towed-marine seismic surveys face challenges in reconstructing seismic wavefields due to sparse crossline sampling, leading to aliased data that cannot produce an unaliased continuous representation of seismic wavefields in the crossline direction.
Innovation Solution
The use of multicomponent seismic sensors that measure both pressure and particle motion, combined with linear filters and the generalized sampling expansion algorithm, allows for the reconstruction of unaliased continuous representations of seismic wavefields by relating upgoing and downgoing wavefields through the reflection at the free surface, effectively addressing the aliasing issue.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If sparse crossline sampling is used in towed-marine seismic surveys, then survey cost and complexity are reduced, but the seismic wavefield data becomes aliased and cannot produce an unaliased continuous representation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the mathematical parameters of the sampling process by applying the generalized sampling expansion algorithm, which reconstructs the continuous wavefield from sparse samples through series expansion. This transforms the insufficient discrete samples into a complete continuous representation by changing how the data is processed mathematically rather than physically acquiring more data.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical/physical sampling system with a mathematical processing system. Instead of increasing physical sensor density to avoid aliasing, the solution substitutes mathematical reconstruction methods (generalized sampling expansion) that can derive the continuous wavefield from the sparse physical samples without requiring additional physical measurements.
2Measurement precision
If multicomponent seismic sensors are deployed to measure both pressure and particle motion, then wavefield reconstruction accuracy is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the wavefield measurement into distinct physical components (pressure and particle motion) that are measured separately by different sensor types. This segmentation allows each component to be processed independently through the generalized sampling expansion, enabling accurate reconstruction from multiple independent data streams rather than requiring a single complex sensor.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent makes the seismic survey system multi-functional by deploying sensors that measure multiple physical quantities (pressure and particle motion). This universality allows the same survey infrastructure to capture different aspects of the wavefield that can be combined through mathematical processing to achieve complete wavefield reconstruction, making the system adaptable to different reconstruction needs.
Data Source
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AI summary
A technique includes receiving seismic data acquired in a seismic survey in the vicinity of a reflecting interface. The survey has an associated undersampled direction. The technique includes providing second data indicative of discrete samples of incident and reflected components of a continuous seismic wavefield along the undersampled direction and relating the discrete samples to a linear combination of the continuous incident and reflected seismic wavefields using at least one linear filter. Based on the relationship, an unaliased representation of the linear combination of the continuous incident and reflected seismic wavefields is constructed.