Selective Amplification for Event-Triggered HD Physiological Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing medical devices face limitations in generating high-definition physiological electrical signals while minimizing current drain and circuitry and battery footprint, particularly in detecting health events such as strokes and cognitive deficits.
Innovation Solution
The system employs selective amplification techniques, generating a first physiological electrical signal at a first bandwidth and sampling rate, and upon satisfying a health event HD sensing threshold, switches to a second, higher bandwidth and sampling rate to produce high-definition signals, thereby conserving power and enhancing detection specificity and sensitivity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If high-definition physiological electrical signals are generated continuously at high bandwidth and sampling rate, then detection specificity and sensitivity are improved, but current drain and battery footprint increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system switches between a first operational mode for general monitoring and a second operational mode for high-definition signal generation. The second mode is activated periodically or event-driven when health events are detected, rather than continuously operating at high bandwidth and sampling rate. This periodic activation maintains detection precision when needed while significantly reducing average current drain.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts its operational parameters based on real-time conditions. The bandwidth and sampling rate are changed from fixed high values to variable values that adapt to the monitoring needs. When normal conditions exist, the system operates at lower settings; when health events are detected, it transitions to high-definition mode. This dynamic adjustment resolves the contradiction between continuous high-precision detection and energy consumption.
2Measurement precision
If high-definition physiological electrical signals are generated continuously at high bandwidth and sampling rate, then detection specificity and sensitivity are improved, but circuitry footprint increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system employs dynamic switching between operational modes that changes the circuit configuration based on requirements. Rather than continuously using high-bandwidth circuitry, the system transitions between a simplified first mode and an enhanced second mode. This dynamic reconfiguration allows the device to achieve high detection precision when needed while minimizing circuitry footprint during normal operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The circuitry is segmented into different operational states with distinct functional requirements. The system divides the signal processing path into a general monitoring path and a high-definition signal generation path. By segmenting the functionality and activating only the necessary portions based on operational mode, the system reduces overall circuitry footprint while maintaining the capability for high-precision detection when required.
3Measurement precision
If high-definition physiological electrical signals are generated continuously at high bandwidth and sampling rate, then detection specificity and sensitivity are improved, but battery life decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The system activates high-bandwidth signal generation periodically or event-driven rather than continuously. The high-definition operational mode is triggered when health events are detected, maintaining detection precision at critical moments. This periodic activation pattern preserves battery life by limiting the duration of high-power operations while still achieving comprehensive detection coverage.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts power consumption levels based on operational needs. The bandwidth and sampling rate parameters are modified in real-time to match the monitoring requirements. By operating at high precision only when necessary and at reduced precision during normal periods, the system extends battery life while maintaining adequate detection capability throughout the monitoring period.
Data Source
AI summary
An example implantable medical device includes a plurality of electrodes; and circuitry configured to: sense, via at least two electrodes, electrical signals from a patient; generate a first physiological electrical signal during a first period of time at a first bandwidth and a first sampling rate; determine whether a particular feature of the first physiological electrical signal satisfies a health event high definition (HD) sensing threshold; and in response to a determination that a particular feature of the first physiological electrical signal satisfies a health event HD sensing threshold, generate a second physiological electrical signal during a second period of time at one or more of a second bandwidth or a second sampling rate, wherein the second period of time is after the first period of time, the second bandwidth is greater than the first bandwidth, and the second sampling rate is greater than the first sampling rate.