Selective Liquid Cooling for Additive Manufacturing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current additive manufacturing technologies face challenges in achieving high speed and high resolution with engineered thermoplastics, as FDM methods are slow for high resolution parts and DLP methods are costly and prone to polymer degradation.

Innovation Solution

The method employs selective cooling of liquefied thermoplastic using a matrix of Peltier thermoelectric heat exchange elements to solidify the material, allowing for rapid and precise layer formation by controlling temperature zones within the build tray.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If FDM additive manufacturing is used with small extrusion nozzles for high resolution parts, then manufacturing precision is improved, but productivity deteriorates due to low printing speed

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepart resolutionVSAvoidprinting speed
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of adding energy to polymerize material as in conventional methods, this invention removes energy through selective cooling to solidify liquefied thermoplastic, inverting the traditional energy addition approach to achieve both high resolution and high speed manufacturing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention utilizes phase transitions of thermoplastic material between liquid and solid states through controlled heating and cooling. The material is heated to become liquid for easy deposition, then selectively cooled to solidify and form the desired part geometry, enabling rapid high-resolution manufacturing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

2Productivity

If FDM machines use larger extrusion nozzles to improve printing speed, then productivity is improved, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to lower part resolution

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprinting speedVSAvoidpart resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention applies local quality by using a matrix of independently controllable heat exchange elements that can selectively cool only specific areas where part material is to be formed, while other areas remain heated and liquid. This localized control enables high resolution without sacrificing printing speed

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Productivity

If DLP additive manufacturing is used to increase manufacturing speed with high resolution, then productivity is improved, but device complexity increases due to high polymer costs and light-induced degradation issues

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing speedVSAvoidpolymer cost and material stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses conventional thermoplastic materials that are inexpensive and widely available, replacing the expensive specialized photopolymers required by DLP technology. The thermoplastic can be easily replenished from bulk material without degradation concerns, significantly reducing material costs while maintaining high speed and high resolution capabilities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #27Cheap short-living objects (Disposable)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables high-resolution part production at high speeds, surpassing the capabilities of existing technologies by efficiently removing energy from the polymer to solidify it, reducing material costs and avoiding light-induced degradation.

Implementation Method 1

These elements use the Peltier thermoelectric effect to operate between cold and hot modes quickly

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPeltier thermoelectric effect: Peltier Effect

Implementation Method 2

a matrix of heat exchange elements, each of which may be selectively and independently heated and cooled

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 3

A cooled platen is then lowered onto the liquefied thermoplastic creating a liquid interface between both the heat/cool element matrix and platen

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Data Source

PatentEP3673414B1Additive manufacturing by selective liquid cooling
Publication Date: 2023.07.19 EVAPCO INC
  • EP3673414B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3673414B1 patent drawingFigure 2a
  • EP3673414B1 patent drawingFigure 2b

AI summary

A method of additively manufacturing parts by selectively cooling a liquefied thermoplastic material.