Self-Assembled Coatings Using Isoelectric pH for Battery Electrodes

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Solution Overview

Problem

Producing uniform, defect-free surface coatings for lithium-ion battery electrodes with high interfacial surface areas and short characteristic diffusion lengths is challenging, especially for electrically insulating, ionically conducting electrolytic separator materials on the nanoscale.

Innovation Solution

A method is developed to determine the isoelectric pH of electrode materials and use this information to form self-assembled nanometer-thick coatings using electrostatic forces, with the option to increase coating thickness through electrochemical methods, allowing for uniform coatings without pinhole defects and intimate contact between electrodes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If conventional coating methods are used on high surface area electrodes, then complete coverage is difficult to achieve, but increasing coating thickness leads to pinhole defects and non-uniformity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating uniformityVSAvoiddefect-free coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The invention changes the pH parameter of the coating solution to be between the isoelectric pH values of the substrate and coating material. This parameter change creates optimal electrostatic conditions for self-assembly, enabling uniform nanometer-thick coatings without pinhole defects on high surface area electrodes

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The coating process utilizes self-assembly driven by electrostatic forces between charged substrate and coating material. The system automatically forms uniform coatings through spontaneous organization of coating material molecules on the electrode surface, eliminating the need for complex conventional coating equipment and procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Ease of manufacture

If isoelectric pH determination is not performed, then self-assembly can proceed without precise control, but coating uniformity and thickness control are compromised

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating process simplicityVSAvoidcoating thickness control
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention requires preliminary determination of the isoelectric pH values for both substrate and coating material before the coating process. This preliminary measurement enables precise control of the coating solution pH, ensuring optimal electrostatic conditions for self-assembly and achieving desired coating thickness and uniformity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The coating process incorporates feedback through pH measurement and adjustment. By measuring the isoelectric pH values and adjusting the coating solution pH accordingly, the process provides closed-loop control to achieve precise coating thickness and uniformity while maintaining operational simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the formation of self-limiting, uniform coatings that enhance the mechanical and electrochemical stability of lithium-ion battery electrodes, improving capacity retention and reducing defects during cycling.

Implementation Method 1

Self-assembly of surface coatings using electrostatic forces

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrostatic forces: Electrostatics

Implementation Method 2

Self-assembly of surface coatings utilizing surface charge

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSelf-assembly: Self-Assembly

Implementation Method 3

measuring the potential difference between a first reference electrode disposed in the vicinity of both the axis of the disk and the material and a second reference electrode disposed in a second chamber

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPotential difference measurement:

Data Source

PatentEP2552936B1Self-assembly of coatings utilizing surface charge
Publication Date: 2019.07.31 COLORADO STATE UNIV RES FOUND
  • EP2552936B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2552936B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2552936B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

An apparatus measuring the isoelectric pH for materials deposited onto and in contact with an electrode surface, and a method for utilizing the isoelectric pH to form self-assembled layers of nanometer thickness on the material. Forming such layers utilizing data information obtained about the isoelectric pH values of the substrate and the coating is advantageous since the growth of the coating is otherwise self-limiting. When the coating is self-limiting, once the surface charge has been neutralized there is no longer a driving force for the solid electrolyte coating thickness to increase. Thus, uniform coatings without pinhole defects will be produced because a local driving force for assembly will exist if any bare electrode material is exposed to the solution. The present self-assembly procedure, when combined with electrodeposition, may be used to increase the coating thickness of self-assembled layers for use in solid-state batteries.