Self-Balancing Vehicle Dynamic Stability Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing balancing vehicles with two laterally disposed wheels lack static stability, making them prone to instability during conditions like speed changes, sharp turns, and steep slopes, which can lead to the rider losing balance.

Innovation Solution

A vehicle design featuring a platform with two laterally disposed ground-contacting elements, a drive system, and a controller that dynamically controls balancing by shifting the center of gravity in response to the rider's input, using sensors to detect changes in the center of gravity and apply torque to the wheels for stability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If a vehicle uses only two laterally disposed wheels with dynamic stabilization, then the vehicle can achieve self-propelled motion and user-guidable control, but the vehicle lacks static stability and becomes unstable under conditions like speed changes, sharp turns, and steep slopes

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveself-propelled motion and user-guidable controlVSAvoidstatic stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies dynamic stabilization by continuously sensing the vehicle's orientation and actively adjusting wheel motor torque to maintain stability. The control system dynamically responds to changing conditions (acceleration, turns, slopes) by making real-time corrective actions, transforming a statically unstable vehicle into one that maintains stability through active dynamic control.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The control system acts as a counterbalancing mechanism by applying opposing torque to the wheels when instability is detected. When the vehicle leans or tilts under external forces (gravity on slopes, centrifugal force in turns), the control system commands the wheel motors to generate counter-torque that opposes the destabilizing force, effectively creating a control-theoretic counterweight.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #8Anti-weight (Counterweight)

2Speed

If torque is applied to the wheels for propulsion and steering, then the vehicle achieves motion control, but the torque application affects vehicle stability in a two-wheeled balancing vehicle

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveforward motion controlVSAvoidvehicle stability
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the propulsion function and stability control function into a single integrated control system. The same wheel motors that provide forward motion and steering also provide stability control. The control system simultaneously manages acceleration, steering, and balance by coordinating torque application to both wheels, combining multiple functions into one unified control architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The control system continuously senses vehicle orientation and uses this feedback to adjust wheel torque in real-time. The sensor data about vehicle tilt and orientation feeds back to the control algorithm, which then commands appropriate torque to the wheels to maintain both motion control and stability, creating a closed-loop control system that harmonizes propulsion and stability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The vehicle maintains stability and balance by dynamically adjusting the center of gravity, allowing the rider to control motion through leaning, enhancing safety and ease of operation by preventing falls during dynamic conditions.

Implementation Method 1

a sensor module, for detecting a change in a position of a center of gravity of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGravitation: Gravitation

Implementation Method 2

controlling operation of a drive in response to a change in position of a center of gravity of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectInertial measurement: Inertia

Implementation Method 3

controlling operation of a drive in response to a change in position of a center of gravity of the vehicle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque: Torque

Implementation Method 4

a drive coupled to the ground-contacting elements

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRotational motion: Wheel

Data Source

PatentEP2356016B1Apparatus and method for control of a dynamically self-balancing vehicle
Publication Date: 2019.04.10 SEGWAY INC
  • EP2356016B1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP2356016B1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP2356016B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B

AI summary

An apparatus and method for transporting a payload over a surface is provided. A vehicle (1600) supports a payload with a support (1604) partially enclosed by an enclosure (1602). Two laterally disposed ground-contacting elements (1610) are coupled to at least one of the enclosure or support. A motorized drive is coupled to the ground-contacting elements. A controller coupled to the drive governs the operation of the drive at least in response to the position of the center of gravity of the vehicle to dynamically control balancing of the vehicle; the coupling of the enclosure and/or the support allow them to move with respect to the ground-contacting elements, which allows to vary the position of the center of gravity (1640).