Automated Semi-Trailer Kingpin Alignment for Tractor Coupling

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge of efficiently coupling a tractor unit with a semi-trailer is exacerbated by changes in the semi-trailer's position and orientation due to loading, leading to delays and potential collisions during the coupling process.

Innovation Solution

An automated method that includes an analysis process to determine the feasibility of coupling, followed by automatic adjustments of the semi-trailer's height and orientation using sensors and actuators, such as landing gear, air suspension, and tire pressure, to ensure proper alignment of the kingpin and fifth wheel coupling.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If the semi-trailer is loaded, then the kingpin height changes and coupling becomes difficult, but if manual adjustment is made, then coupling time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvekingpin alignment precisionVSAvoidcoupling time
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary analysis of the coupling situation before the actual coupling process. Sensors detect the current kingpin height and trailer position, and the control unit pre-calculates the required adjustments to landing gear or air suspension, preparing the optimal coupling configuration in advance to avoid time-consuming manual adjustments during the coupling process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The coupling system performs self-adjustment through automated control. The control unit automatically activates the landing gear or air suspension system to adjust the kingpin height based on sensor feedback, eliminating the need for manual intervention and reducing coupling time while maintaining precise alignment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Productivity

If automated adjustment systems are added, then coupling speed improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling speedVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system utilizes existing multi-functional components already present on the semi-trailer, such as the landing gear and air suspension system, which serve both their primary functions (support and height adjustment) and the additional function of kingpin alignment during coupling. This avoids adding dedicated coupling adjustment mechanisms and reduces overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs sensors to detect the current state of the kingpin and trailer position, providing feedback to the control unit. The control unit processes this information and automatically adjusts the landing gear or air suspension to achieve proper alignment, creating a closed-loop control system that improves coupling speed without requiring complex manual intervention systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP4338986B1Method for coupling a tractor with a semi-trailer and tractor with a tractor and a semi-trailer
Publication Date: 2026.03.04 JOST WERKE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH
  • EP4338986B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4338986B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4338986B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Method for coupling a tractor unit (10) with a semi-trailer (30) and a semi-trailer combination (100) with a tractor unit (10) and a semi-trailer (30).