Injection Nozzle with Semipermeable Membrane for Gas-Charged Fuel
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fuel injection systems for diesel engines do not achieve complete combustion, leading to soot production and the need for exhaust gas purification systems, as they require two fuels and have high operational costs.
Innovation Solution
An injection nozzle with a diffusion device that loads diesel fuel with gas, such as air or exhaust gas, using semipermeable sintered metal or ceramic filters, allowing gas to diffuse into the fuel under pressure conditions where diesel does not flow through, resulting in spontaneous bursting of fuel droplets for homogeneous combustion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If air or gas is used to discharge or atomize fuel through collision, then fuel distribution is improved, but complete combustion is not achieved and soot is produced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a semipermeable membrane with specific pore characteristics that allows gas to pass through while retaining liquid fuel. This porous structure enables gas to diffuse into the fuel, creating gas-charged fuel droplets that achieve complete combustion without soot formation, resolving the contradiction between improved fuel distribution and reduced harmful emissions.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the physical state of the fuel by dissolving gas within the liquid fuel through controlled diffusion across a semipermeable membrane. This parameter change creates a supersaturated solution that, upon injection, results in spontaneous droplet formation and complete vaporization, achieving both fine fuel distribution and complete combustion without soot.
2Reliability
If two fuels (diesel and gas) are used to achieve desired combustion characteristics, then combustion performance is improved, but device complexity and operational costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges gas and liquid fuel into a single homogeneous charge by dissolving gas molecules within the liquid fuel through diffusion. This creates a unified fuel-gas mixture that combines the advantages of both fuel types (complete combustion of gas with diesel's energy density) while eliminating the need for separate fuel storage and injection systems, thereby reducing device complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The semipermeable membrane serves multiple functions: it acts as a gas diffusion barrier, a fuel retention filter, and a mixing interface. This single component enables the system to achieve complete combustion characteristics while maintaining simplicity by eliminating the need for separate gas and diesel injection systems.
3Object-generated harmful factors
If two fuels are used to achieve complete combustion, then soot production is reduced, but exhaust gas purification systems are still required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary mixing and charging of gas into the fuel before injection, creating a pre-prepared gas-charged fuel solution. This preliminary action ensures complete combustion occurs during the injection process itself, preventing soot formation at the source and eliminating the need for downstream exhaust gas purification systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach ensures complete fuel combustion with reduced soot production, improved mechanical energy conversion, and minimized NOx formation through homogeneous temperature distribution and exhaust gas recirculation, while allowing for efficient use of gases like hydrogen without additional CO2 production.
Implementation Method 1
Gas is subjected to a higher pressure than the pressure in the fuel. The flow resistance of the membrane depends on the pore size and pore length. The aforementioned fuels and gases exhibit almost entirely viscous behavior. Thus, the viscosity ratio determines the flow through the respective components.
Implementation Method 2
The membrane (semipermeable membrane) has a pore size that allows the gas to pass through and retains the fuel in the idle state.
Implementation Method 3
After the injection of the loaded diesel fuel, the dissolved gas causes the droplets emerging from the injection nozzle to spontaneously burst due to the gas pressure within the droplets after the pressure has been released in the compression chamber, resulting in a very fine and even distribution of the fuel.
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
AI summary
The invention relates to an injection nozzle (1) for fuel, preferably diesel fuel, wherein a diffusion device (2), which supplies gas to the fuel by diffusion, is indirectly or directly connected to the nozzle.