Electromagnetic Radiation Sensor Calibration Using Band-Pass Filter

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current electromagnetic radiation detection systems face challenges with gain instabilities in FPA matrices, leading to incorrect corrections and the presence of atypical pixels, which are difficult to identify and calibrate, especially due to the need for costly and complex calibration methods that require frequent factory visits and the use of Peltier modules, causing electrical consumption and congestion issues.

Innovation Solution

An electromagnetic radiation detection system that performs two-point calibration without a Peltier module, using a band-pass filter with a predefined transmission coefficient that can move between positions to filter or not filter radiation, allowing for the evaluation of gain and offset values for each detector, enabling on-board calibration without over-declaring valid pixels and avoiding the need for hardened calibration methods.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If hardened calibration methods are used to identify atypical pixels, then pixel reliability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase due to frequent factory visits and multiple successive calibrations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepixel reliabilityVSAvoidcalibration complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs self-calibration using an integrated black body that generates reference radiation signals within the detection system itself. This eliminates the need for external calibration equipment and frequent factory visits, allowing the system to calibrate its own detectors autonomously while maintaining pixel reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The black body serves multiple functions: it provides reference radiation for gain calibration, establishes offset values, and enables periodic recalibration throughout the system's lifetime. This multi-functional component replaces multiple separate calibration procedures and equipment

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If Peltier modules are used for cooling, then detector sensitivity is improved, but electrical consumption and system congestion increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetector sensitivityVSAvoidelectrical consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system replaces active Peltier cooling modules with passive radiative cooling through specially designed optical surfaces and enclosures. The cold finger structure with high-emissivity surfaces radiates heat to the environment, eliminating the need for electrical cooling power while maintaining detector temperatures for sensitive measurements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of manufacture

If gain calibration is performed once in factory, then manufacturing simplicity is maintained, but measurement precision deteriorates due to gain instabilities and aging over the system's 15-20 year lifetime

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalibration simplicityVSAvoidgain accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary gain calibration using the integrated black body at the time of manufacture, establishing baseline gain values. The black body then enables periodic recalibration throughout the system's operational life to compensate for gain drift and aging effects, maintaining measurement precision without complex procedures

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Adaptability or versatility

If offset values are calculated in product, then adaptability to field conditions is improved, but time consumption increases due to the need for multiple acquisition sequences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefield calibration capabilityVSAvoidcalibration time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system combines gain calibration and offset determination into a single acquisition sequence using the black body. By presenting known reference radiation levels from the black body, the system simultaneously determines both gain and offset parameters in one operation, eliminating the need for separate calibration sequences and reducing time consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution simplifies the calibration process, reduces electrical consumption, and allows for accurate gain and offset corrections, effectively identifying and correcting atypical pixels without the need for Peltier modules, enhancing the reliability and efficiency of electromagnetic radiation detection systems.

Implementation Method 1

at least one band-pass electromagnetic radiation filter having a predefined transmission coefficient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBand-pass filtering: Filter (optical)

Implementation Method 2

a cold finger having a side wall closed at one end by an end wall... a sensor... cooled by the cold finger

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCryogenic cooling: Cryogenics

Implementation Method 3

Each photodetector transforms, for example, the photons resulting from electromagnetic radiation into electron-hole pairs by the photoelectric effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 4

each filter has in section in any secant plane containing the optical axis a concave shape facing the sensor having a conical-based profile and/or aspherical and reflects the focal plane inside the housing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConcave reflection: Reflection

Data Source

PatentEP3551975B1System for detecting electromagnetic radiation
Publication Date: 2020.08.19 SAFRAN ELECTRONICS & DEFENSE (FR)
  • EP3551975B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1C
  • EP3551975B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3551975B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system (3) for detecting electromagnetic radiation is equipped with an electromagnetic radiation sensor. The sensor consists of a plurality of detectors sensitive to electromagnetic radiation and obtains images composed of pixels, each pixel being represented by at least one value from at least one detector of the sensor. The sensors must generally be cooled. Due to an effect of dispersion of individual responses from each detector of a sensor, it is essential to calibrate each detector of said sensor in gain and in offset value. A calibration of a detector requires at least two values from the detector to be acquired in order to estimate a gain and an offset value to apply to the values from said detector. The invention consists of inserting a band-pass electromagnetic radiation filter (402) with a predefined transmission coefficient into the system in order to vary the electromagnetic radiation reaching said sensor and thus to obtain, for each detector, the two values necessary for implementing the calibration.