Wireless Sensor Network Cluster Head Selection Based on Residual Energy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing wireless sensor networks face a short lifespan due to the random selection of cluster heads, which can deplete the energy of sensor nodes with lower residual energy, leading to premature device failure and reduced network longevity.
Innovation Solution
A method that selects cluster heads based on residual energy levels, prioritizing nodes with higher energy reserves and transmitting data only when necessary, to form clusters and manage energy consumption efficiently.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If cluster heads are randomly selected as in LEACH, then the selection process is simple and decentralized, but sensor nodes with low residual energy may be selected as cluster heads causing premature failure and reduced network lifespan
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the selection parameter from purely random to energy-aware by introducing residual energy as a weighting factor. The selection probability is modified to P(n) = k * E_residual, where E_residual represents the residual energy of the sensor node. This parameter change ensures that nodes with higher energy reserves have greater probability of being selected as cluster heads, thereby extending network lifespan while maintaining the decentralized selection mechanism.
2Reliability
If sensor nodes transmit data frequently to monitor energy levels and cluster head status, then energy distribution can be better managed, but energy consumption increases reducing overall network efficiency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements self-service by enabling sensor nodes to autonomously calculate their own selection probability based on their residual energy levels without requiring centralized coordination or frequent status reporting. Each node independently determines its candidacy for cluster head selection using the formula P(n) = k * E_residual, eliminating the need for additional communication overhead to monitor and report energy states, thus avoiding increased energy consumption.
3Use of energy by moving object
If LEACH-C is used to select cluster heads based on residual energy, then energy efficiency improves, but the system requires centralized control and position information increasing complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by making the selection probability locally adaptive to each node's residual energy state without requiring global position information or centralized control. Each sensor node independently adjusts its selection probability based on its own energy reservoir E_residual, creating a distributed energy-aware selection mechanism that achieves energy efficiency similar to LEACH-C but with reduced system complexity and no requirement for position awareness.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a wireless sensor network operating method considering energy efficiency. The method for operating a wireless sensor network including clusters of sensor nodes includes: selecting a cluster head based on residual energy amounts of the sensor nodes by increasing a probability that a sensor node with a greater amount of residual energy than the others is selected as a cluster head; transmitting an advertisement message from the selected cluster head to the sensor nodes to form a cluster; and transmitting sensing data acquired in each sensor node to the cluster head. Accordingly, this method can extend lifespan of sensor nodes by not transmitting/receiving data on residual energy amounts and positions between sensor nodes, and increase the entire lifespan of a wireless sensor network by reducing a probability that a sensor node having a relatively small residual energy amount is selected as a cluster head consuming much energy.