Sensor Guidewire Single-Wire Signaling for Precise Catheter Positioning
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing interventional devices face challenges in integrating sensors effectively, managing power and data communication, and achieving precise positioning within the body due to limited space and the need for harmful imaging methods, which can cause patient injury and increase procedural risks.
Innovation Solution
A guidewire system with an elongated conductive wire that integrates multiple sensors, allowing simultaneous measurement of physiological parameters, and uses the wire itself to transmit power and data signals, reducing the need for additional lines and enabling precise positioning through real-time data transmission.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple separate wires are used for power and data communication with sensors, then reliable signal transmission is achieved, but device complexity and space requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines power and data communication functions into a single wire by utilizing differential signaling. The sensor interface circuitry modulates data onto the power line using spread-spectrum techniques, allowing both power delivery and bidirectional communication over the same conductor without interference, thus reducing wire count while maintaining signal reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The single wire serves multiple functions simultaneously: it delivers power to the sensor, transmits sensor data back to the controller, and provides a ground reference. This multi-functional approach eliminates the need for separate dedicated wires for each function, simplifying the overall device architecture
2Measurement precision
If conventional imaging methods (dye injection and X-rays) are used for catheter localization, then positioning accuracy is achieved, but patient and staff safety deteriorates due to harmful radiation
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces harmful radiographic imaging methods with a magnetic field-based detection system. A magnet is embedded in the catheter tip, and its position is tracked using magnetic field sensors outside the body, eliminating the need for ionizing radiation while providing continuous real-time positioning data
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces a magnetic field as an intermediary between the catheter and the detection system. The magnet in the catheter modulates the magnetic field, which is then detected by external sensors, providing indirect but safe positioning information without requiring direct visual imaging methods
3Adaptability or versatility
If sensors are integrated into interventional devices with limited space, then functional capabilities are enhanced, but integration difficulty and manufacturing complexity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates the sensor, its interface circuitry, and magnet all within the existing catheter structure. The sensor and electronics are embedded in the catheter wall or tip, with the magnet positioned at the distal end, creating a nested arrangement that maximizes functionality within the constrained dimensional envelope of the catheter
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses thin-film flexible printed circuit boards to accommodate the sensor interface circuitry within the limited space of the catheter. These flexible circuits can be conformally attached to the catheter surface, providing the necessary electrical connections and signal processing capability without adding significant bulk
Data Source
AI summary
A guidewire system includes an elongated wire configured for insertion into a luminal space, such as the vasculature, of a body. The wire is conductive and configured to conduct electrical signals. One or more sensors are coupled to a distal section of the wire and configured to send and receive the electrical signals via the wire. The wire through which the one or more sensors are coupled is the only wire through which the one or more sensors send and receive the electrical signals.