Sensor-Integrated Friction Stir Welding Tool for Real-Time Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Friction stir welding lacks real-time monitoring and control of critical parameters such as pressure, temperature, and torque, leading to suboptimal welding processes and potential defects in metal joining.

Innovation Solution

A friction stir welding tool equipped with a head, body, and tool holder, featuring a pressure sensor, temperature sensor, torque sensor, and communication node that transmits data to a computing device via Bluetooth, allowing for real-time measurement and control using a PID controller to adjust welding parameters.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If friction stir welding is performed without real-time monitoring, then the welding process is simpler and faster to implement, but the welding quality and consistency deteriorate due to lack of control over critical parameters

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewelding qualityVSAvoidtool structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines multiple sensors (pressure, temperature, torque) and communication capabilities directly into the FSW tool structure, merging measurement and control functions with the welding operation itself. This integration enables real-time monitoring of critical parameters without requiring separate external monitoring systems, thereby improving welding quality while managing device complexity through functional consolidation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Measurement precision

If multiple sensors are integrated into the FSW tool, then real-time measurement capability is improved, but the device complexity and manufacturing difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveparameter monitoringVSAvoidtool structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The FSW tool is designed as a multi-functional integrated system that simultaneously performs welding, measurement (pressure, temperature, torque), and data transmission. By making the tool universal in its capabilities, the patent reduces the need for separate dedicated monitoring equipment, thereby improving measurement precision while managing overall system complexity through consolidation of functions into a single multi-purpose device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Extent of automation

If real-time data transmission is implemented, then process control capability is improved, but the device complexity and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocess controlVSAvoidtool energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where sensor data from the welding process is transmitted in real-time via Bluetooth to a computing device, enabling automated monitoring and control. This feedback loop allows the system to adjust welding parameters dynamically based on actual process conditions, improving automation level while managing energy consumption through efficient wireless communication and selective data transmission only when parameter thresholds are approached.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables precise monitoring and adjustment of welding conditions, improving the quality and consistency of friction stir welding by ensuring optimal pressure, temperature, and torque levels, thereby enhancing the metal joining process.

Implementation Method 1

measuring pressure on a head of a friction stir welding tool using a pressure sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPressure sensing:

Implementation Method 2

measuring temperature of the friction stir welding tool using a temperature sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature sensing:

Implementation Method 3

measuring torque of the friction stir welding tool using a torque sensor

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque sensing:

Implementation Method 4

The communication node may be in Bluetooth communication with a computing device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBluetooth wireless transmission:

Data Source

PatentEP3450081B1Friction stir welding tool, a friction stir welding system and the usage thereof
Publication Date: 2023.10.04 MAZAK CORP
  • EP3450081B1 patent drawingFigure 1-1
  • EP3450081B1 patent drawingFigure 1-2
  • EP3450081B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

A friction stir welding (FSW) tool includes a head, a tool holder and a body between the head and the tool holder and attached to the head and the tool holder. The body includes a plurality of cooling fins. An interior of the body includes a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a torque sensor, and a communication node in electronic communication with the pressure sensor, the temperature sensor, and the torque sensor. The communication node may be in Bluetooth communication with a computing device.