Output Stage Circuit for SENT Signals Under Power Dips and EMI

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Solution Overview

Problem

Electronic systems, particularly in automotive environments, face challenges with supply voltage interruptions and electromagnetic interference, leading to signal errors and system instability, as existing solutions like large capacitors are not feasible in compact chip packages.

Innovation Solution

An integrated semiconductor device with an output-stage circuit that includes a digital-to-analog converter and an amplifier, utilizing multiple voltage regulators and a greatest-voltage selector circuit to maintain accurate signal transmission during power dips and EMI events, reducing the need for large external capacitors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If large capacitors (1-10 μF) are used for local power storage to maintain voltage during interruptions, then reliability during power dips is improved, but device size and footprint increase making them incompatible with compact chip packages

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoperation during supply voltage interruptionVSAvoidcapacitor size
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the voltage parameter by generating an internal first voltage (3.3V) from the supply voltage (5V) and using this regulated voltage for the DAC and amplifier operations. This voltage parameter change allows the circuit to maintain reliable operation during supply interruptions at the lower internal voltage level, while the capacitor only needs to maintain this lower voltage rather than the full supply voltage, reducing the required capacitance value and physical size.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If supply voltage variations occur during signal generation, then signal accuracy deteriorates due to false voltage changes, but adding voltage regulation increases circuit complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage level accuracy during signal edgesVSAvoidvoltage regulation circuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the voltage supply into two distinct levels: the original supply voltage (5V) and a regulated first voltage (3.3V). The DAC operates from the regulated first voltage while the amplifier can switch between supply voltage and first voltage. This segmentation allows precise voltage control for critical signal generation while maintaining overall system simplicity through selective voltage usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a voltage regulator as an intermediary component that converts the supply voltage (5V) to a stable first voltage (3.3V). This intermediary regulated voltage serves as a buffer between the variable supply voltage and the sensitive DAC circuitry, ensuring accurate voltage levels during signal edges without requiring complex regulation throughout the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Use of energy by moving object

If the amplifier uses supply voltage directly, then power efficiency is improved, but signal accuracy deteriorates during voltage dips

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower efficiency of amplifierVSAvoidoutput signal accuracy during power dips
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the amplifier's voltage supply dynamic by enabling it to switch between the supply voltage and the first voltage based on operational needs. During normal operation, the amplifier uses the supply voltage for maximum power efficiency. During supply voltage dips or critical signal transmission periods, it switches to the regulated first voltage to maintain signal accuracy. This dynamic voltage switching optimizes both power efficiency and signal accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables reliable and error-free data transmission according to the SENT protocol, even during supply voltage interruptions, by ensuring accurate voltage levels during critical signal edges, thus enhancing system robustness and reducing CRC errors.

Implementation Method 1

a first voltage regulator adapted for generating a first voltage signal having a nominal first voltage level lower than the nominal supply voltage level, and for storing energy on a first capacitor at the nominal first voltage level

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy storage in capacitor: Capacitance

Implementation Method 2

a digital to analog convertor responsive to the digital input signal and adapted to produce a converted signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDigital-to-analog conversion:

Implementation Method 3

an amplifier configured for receiving and amplifying the converted signal, thereby generating the analog output signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSignal amplification:

Implementation Method 4

an output stage circuit further comprising a greatest-voltage selector circuit adapted for selecting a signal having a largest voltage level amongst a plurality of at least two signals including the supply voltage signal and the first voltage signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectVoltage level detection and selection:

Data Source

PatentEP3648426B1Integrated circuit and method for communicating data
Publication Date: 2022.01.26 MELEXIS TECHNOLOGIES SA
  • EP3648426B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3648426B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3648426B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An integrated circuit comprising an output stage circuit (99). The output stage circuit comprises: an input node for receiving a digital input signal (10); a supply voltage node for receiving a supply voltage signal (55); a digital to analog convertor (20) for converting the digital signal; an amplifier (40) for amplifying the converted signal; a first/second and optionally third voltage regulator (70) generating a first/second and optionally third voltage signal; a greatest-voltage selector circuit (90) for providing power to the amplifier. Two different voltages are provided to the DAC. The output signal can be a SENT signal. The circuit is highly robust against power-interruptions and EMI.