Sequence-to-Sequence Data Generation via Encoded Perturbations

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Solution Overview

Problem

The generation of labeled data for sequence labeling tasks, particularly in natural language understanding, is costly and limited by the strong modeling power of Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), which restricts the variety of generated data to only pairs present in the training data.

Innovation Solution

The method involves encoding labeled data into an encoded representation, modifying it with perturbations such as additive or multiplicative perturbations, and decoding it to generate new labeled data, allowing for the creation of new pairs of word and label sequences not limited to existing training data pairs.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If RNN is used to generate training data from existing labeled data, then the model can learn from generated data, but the variety of generated data is limited to only pairs present in the training data

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedata generation efficiencyVSAvoiddata variety
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the training data generation process into three independent components: an encoder that transforms input sequences into encoded representations, a perturbation module that modifies encoded representations by adding noise or transformations, and a decoder that reconstructs sequences from modified encodings. This segmentation allows each component to be optimized independently and enables diverse data generation by varying perturbation strategies without limiting the model to only reproducing training data pairs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces encoded representations as an intermediary between the input sequences and output sequences. Instead of directly mapping input to output pairs, the system transforms inputs into encoded form, applies perturbations to these encodings, and then decodes to generate outputs. This intermediary representation layer enables the generation of diverse sequences that go beyond the original training data pairs while maintaining semantic coherence.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If strong modeling power of RNN is used, then the model can accurately process sequences, but the variety of generated data is restricted

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesequence processing accuracyVSAvoiddata diversity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the encoding process dynamic by introducing perturbation to the encoded representations. Instead of using fixed encodings, the system dynamically modifies encoded representations through added noise or transformations, allowing the same input sequence to generate multiple varied outputs while maintaining the underlying semantic structure processed by the RNN model.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes parameters of the encoded representations by applying perturbations such as noise addition or transformations to the encoded form. This parameter modification at the encoding level allows the system to generate diverse sequences while leveraging the strong sequential processing capabilities of the RNN, as the perturbations are applied to the encoded form rather than the raw input sequences.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentUS10546230B2Generating labeled data by sequence-to-sequence modeling with added perturbations to encoded information
Publication Date: 2020.01.28 INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINE CORPORATION
  • US10546230B2 patent drawing
  • US10546230B2 patent drawing
  • US10546230B2 patent drawing

AI summary

Methods and a system are provided for generating labeled data. A method includes encoding, by a processor-based encoder, a first labeled data into an encoded representation of the first labeled data. The method further includes modifying the encoded representation into a modified representation by adding a perturbation to the encoded representation. The method additionally includes decoding, by a processor-based decoder, the modified representation into a second labeled data.