Series-Connected Fuel Cell Modules with Integrated Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fuel cell systems require additional components like adjustment circuits and DC/DC converters, leading to efficiency degradation and increased costs due to switching losses and component count.

Innovation Solution

A fuel cell system with multiple power generation modules connected in series, controlled by individual and integrated control units to manage fuel and oxidant gas supply, ensuring each stack's voltage remains above a lower limit, allowing for a large output without additional components.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If adjustment circuits are added to control current in fuel cell stacks, then current balance is improved, but system complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecurrent balanceVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes the adjustment circuits from the system. By connecting fuel cell stacks in series without adjustment circuits, the patent eliminates the need for complex current balancing hardware while maintaining system reliability through alternative control methods at the power generation module level.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges the control functions into the power generation modules themselves. Each power generation module includes fuel cell stacks connected in series with integrated control of fuel and oxidant supply, eliminating the need for separate adjustment circuits and achieving current balance through coordinated module operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Reliability

If DC/DC converters are added to each power module, then power management is improved, but efficiency decreases due to switching loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower managementVSAvoidswitching loss
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes DC/DC converters from each power module. By directly connecting power generation modules in series, the patent eliminates switching losses while maintaining effective power management through the integrated control system that coordinates fuel and oxidant supply to each module.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention introduces a series connection architecture as an intermediary structure between power generation modules. This series connection enables direct power transmission without requiring DC/DC converters, eliminating switching losses while the control system acts as a mediator to manage power distribution and ensure each module operates within optimal parameters.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Extent of automation

If additional components are added to control fuel cell stacks, then system control is improved, but cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem controlVSAvoidcost
Core Design Contradiction:
Extent of automationVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The invention extracts and removes adjustment circuits and DC/DC converters from the system architecture. By using series connection of fuel cell stacks and integrated control within power generation modules, the patent achieves effective system control with fewer components, thereby reducing manufacturing cost and complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention makes the power generation modules multi-functional. Each module integrates fuel cell stacks connected in series with built-in control capabilities for fuel and oxidant supply management. This universal design eliminates the need for separate adjustment circuits and converters, achieving automation while reducing component count and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Achieves a high output with a simple configuration by optimizing fuel and oxidant gas supply, ensuring efficient operation and reducing the voltage drop of the system, thereby eliminating the need for additional components and enhancing the system's efficiency and reducing costs.

Implementation Method 1

a plurality of power generation modules 20 each including one or more fuel cell stacks 21 that generate power by a reaction between fuel gas and oxidant gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFuel cell reaction: Fuel Cell

Data Source

PatentEP4664570A1Fuel cell system
Publication Date: 2025.12.17 AISIN CORP
  • EP4664570A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4664570A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4664570A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A fuel cell system includes a plurality of power generation modules each of which includes one or more fuel cell stacks and an auxiliary machine that controls fuel gas and oxidant gas to be supplied to the fuel cell stacks, and the fuel cell stacks are connected in series among the plurality of power generation modules. This system includes a plurality of individual control units each of which controls an auxiliary machine of a corresponding power generation module among the plurality of power generation modules based on a control command, and an integrated control unit that sets a current command in a manner that an output based on a requested output required for a system is obtained within a range in which a voltage of each fuel cell stack in each of the plurality of power generation modules does not fall below a lower limit voltage, and transmits the current command to the plurality of individual control units.