Shadow Map Pixel Allocation via PCA Importance Rotation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional shadow mapping techniques face challenges in rendering high-quality shadows, particularly when regions of high importance are distributed diagonally, as they fail to appropriately adjust pixel allocation in the shadow map, leading to aliasing and quality degradation.

Innovation Solution

An information processing apparatus and method that analyzes importance distribution using principal component analysis (PCA) to determine a rotation angle for warping processing, allowing for appropriate pixel allocation in the shadow map based on the eigenvectors of the importance distribution, even when regions of high importance are diagonally distributed.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If the resolution of shadow maps is increased to improve shadow quality, then the quality of rendered shadows is improved, but the amount of computation and memory area required increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshadow qualityVSAvoidamount of computation and memory
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by allocating different pixel densities to different regions of the shadow map based on their importance. Regions with high importance (where aliasing is more noticeable) receive higher pixel density, while less important regions use lower pixel density. This resolves the contradiction by improving shadow quality locally where needed without uniformly increasing the entire shadow map resolution, thus avoiding proportional increases in computation and memory requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamics by making the shadow map resolution adaptive rather than static. The system dynamically adjusts the pixel allocation in the shadow map based on the importance distribution of different regions. This allows the shadow map to optimize its resource usage in real-time, improving quality where necessary while maintaining efficiency in less critical areas, thereby resolving the contradiction between quality and resource consumption.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Ease of manufacture

If conventional shadow mapping is used without adaptive pixel allocation, then the processing is simple, but aliasing occurs in shadows on planes close to the viewpoint

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing simplicityVSAvoidshadow quality
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-calculating and storing an importance map that identifies which regions of the shadow map require higher pixel density. This importance map is generated before the actual shadow rendering process, allowing the system to prepare the optimal pixel allocation strategy in advance. This resolves the contradiction by adding a preliminary analysis step that enables high-quality shadow rendering without requiring complex real-time adjustments during rendering.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces an importance map as an intermediary data structure that mediates between the simple shadow mapping process and the need for high shadow quality. This importance map serves as a guide that tells the rendering system where to allocate more pixels, bridging the gap between simple processing and high-quality output. The intermediary allows the system to maintain processing simplicity while achieving manufacturing precision through informed pixel allocation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Ease of operation

If warping processing is performed without considering diagonal importance distribution, then the processing follows standard axes, but regions of high importance distributed diagonally do not receive sufficient pixels

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprocessing standardizationVSAvoidpixel allocation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies asymmetry by allowing the warping processing to adapt to the actual importance distribution pattern rather than forcing it to follow standard horizontal or vertical axes. When the importance map shows that high-importance regions are distributed diagonally, the system rotates or skewes the warping transformation to align with this diagonal pattern. This resolves the contradiction by making the processing asymmetric to match the data distribution, thereby achieving both operational ease through automated adaptation and precision in pixel allocation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #4Asymmetry

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements parameter changes by dynamically adjusting the warping transformation parameters (rotation angle, skew factor) based on the importance distribution analysis. Instead of using fixed standard-axis-aligned warping, the system modifies the transformation parameters to match the actual spatial distribution of important regions. This resolves the contradiction by allowing the processing to remain standardized in approach while adapting parameters to achieve precise pixel allocation for diagonally distributed importance regions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentEP2908289B1Information processing apparatus, generation method, program, and storage medium
Publication Date: 2018.03.07 SQUARE ENIX HLDG CO LTD
  • EP2908289B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2908289B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2908289B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An information processing apparatus analyzes an importance distribution in a render target range for which a three-dimensional scene is to be rendered in a perspective for generating a map for use in rendering the three-dimensional scene. The apparatus acquires eigenvectors of the importance distribution by performing principal component analysis on the distribution. In a case where the eigenvectors of the distribution satisfies a predetermined condition, the apparatus rotates the importance distribution such that a direction defined by the eigenvector is to be a predetermined direction, and determines the number of pixels assigned to each partial region based on the rotated distribution.