Engine Shaft Active Damping for Torsional Resonance Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas turbine engines face challenges in controlling unforeseen interactions that can lead to torsional resonance, potentially causing shaft failure due to significant resonance amplitudes, especially in lightly damped low and intermediate pressure spools.

Innovation Solution

Active damping of shafts is implemented by measuring rotational velocity at frequencies higher than torsional resonance, extracting oscillatory terms, and applying torque components to counteract resonances, thereby reducing or eliminating torsional resonances.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If active damping control is implemented to reduce torsional resonances, then shaft life and engine integrity are improved, but device complexity and control system requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshaft lifeVSAvoidcontrol system
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The control system continuously measures rotational velocity, extracts oscillatory components representing torsional resonance, and applies counteracting torque through fuel flow modulation. This closed-loop feedback mechanism actively suppresses resonance while adapting to varying engine conditions, thereby extending shaft life without requiring fundamental redesign of the engine architecture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of using passive mechanical damping elements or redesigning shaft structures to avoid resonance, the invention substitutes an active control system that uses sensor measurements, signal processing, and actuated torque application. This replaces complex mechanical design constraints with a more flexible control-based solution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Reliability

If design-out rules are applied to avoid resonance-inducing interactions, then shaft failure risk is reduced, but adaptability to unforeseen interactions decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveshaft failure preventionVSAvoidresponse to unforeseen interactions
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The control system dynamically adjusts torque application based on real-time measurement of actual shaft oscillations. Rather than relying on fixed design constraints that cannot anticipate unforeseen resonance sources, the system adapts its damping action to counteract any resonance condition that arises, whether foreseen or unexpected, thereby maintaining reliability while improving adaptability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes operational parameters (fuel flow rate) in response to measured resonance conditions. By continuously monitoring rotational velocity and adjusting the damping torque accordingly, the system can respond to varying resonance frequencies and amplitudes, making the engine adaptable to different operating conditions and unforeseen interactions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If measurement frequency is increased to accurately capture torsional resonance, then resonance detection precision is improved, but energy consumption and processing requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverotational velocity measurementVSAvoidmeasurement and processing energy
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses measurement frequencies that exceed the minimum required to capture torsional resonance (at least twice the resonance frequency, preferably ten times or more). This excessive measurement rate ensures accurate capture of high-frequency oscillations while the signal processing extracts only the relevant oscillatory components, balancing measurement precision with manageable processing requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively reduces the need to design-out resonance-inducing interactions, enhancing shaft life by actively canceling torsional resonances and ensuring engine integrity.

Implementation Method 1

measuring a rotational velocity of the shaft

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRotational velocity measurement:

Implementation Method 2

applying a torque component to the shaft so as to counteract the torsional resonance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTorque application: Torque

Implementation Method 3

Active damping of shafts is implemented by measuring rotational velocity at frequencies higher than torsional resonance, extracting oscillatory terms, and applying torque components to counteract resonances

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectActive damping: Damping

Data Source

PatentEP3650729B1Shaft resonance control system and method
Publication Date: 2024.04.03 ROLLS ROYCE PLC
  • EP3650729B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3650729B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3650729B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A method of actively controlling torsional resonance of a rotating shaft of an engine is provided. The shaft has a rotational velocity characterised by a low frequency, rotational velocity term and a high frequency, oscillatory term superimposed on the low frequency term, the oscillatory term being caused by torsional resonance. The method including: measuring the rotational velocity of the shaft; extracting the oscillatory term from the measured rotational velocity; and on the basis of the extracted oscillatory term, applying a torque component to the shaft, the torque component being modulated at the same frequency as the torsional resonance to counteract the torsional resonance.