Shape-Memory Electrode Array for Minimally Invasive Neural Coverage
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing electrode systems for spinal cord and brain stimulation cause unnecessary tissue damage due to invasive procedures and inadequate coverage of neuronal targets.
Innovation Solution
A minimally-invasive electrode array using biocompatible shape-memory alloys and polymers that change shape in response to thermal stimuli, allowing for high coverage of neuronal targets without requiring invasive surgeries.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If traditional metallic and ceramic probes are used for electrode insertion, then structural strength and rigidity are maintained, but tissue damage increases and coverage area is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode array transitions from a straight configuration during insertion to a curved/configuration that maximizes coverage after deployment. The shape-memory alloy enables this dynamic transformation, allowing the same structure to serve both insertion and operational functions optimally.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes temperature-induced phase changes in shape-memory alloy to transform the electrode array's physical configuration. By changing temperature parameters, the array transitions between inserted and deployed states, achieving maximum coverage while minimizing insertion trauma.
2Area of stationary object
If invasive surgical procedures are used to achieve high coverage of neuronal targets, then coverage area is improved, but procedure complexity and patient risk increase
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode array is pre-formed with the final operational configuration using shape-memory alloy. During insertion, it temporarily assumes a compact linear form, then automatically transforms to the pre-programmed high-coverage configuration upon deployment, eliminating the need for complex surgical manipulation.
Solution Approach 2:
The shape-memory alloy structure performs self-transformation from insertion to operational configuration through temperature changes alone, without requiring complex mechanical actuators or manual repositioning by surgeons. The material itself provides the mechanism for achieving high coverage.
3Stability of the object's composition
If rigid electrode structures are used for stable positioning, then positioning stability is improved, but tissue damage and insertion difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode array exhibits dynamic mechanical properties - flexible and conformable during insertion to minimize tissue disruption, then stabilizes in its pre-programmed configuration for stable operational positioning. The shape-memory alloy provides both flexibility during transformation and rigidity when deployed.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The electrode array provides optimal coverage of neuronal targets while minimizing tissue damage and reducing the need for invasive surgeries, enhancing accessibility and applicability to a broader range of medical professionals.
Implementation Method 1
the central lumen including one or more elastic and/or super-elastic alloys and/or shape-memory polymers and/or alloys with an initially programmed shape
Implementation Method 2
transforming the adapted electrode array electrode shape using heat to maximize a coverage area
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention disclosed herein is an electrode array including a removable outer sheath, an insulation layer, the outer sheath surrounding the insulation layer, and a central lumen surrounded by the insulation layer, the central lumen including a metal alloy of nickel and titanium or a thermoset shape-memory polymer. The array is used for minimally-invasive spinal cord and brain stimulation and recording.