Shape-Memory Endodontic File for Single-Step Root Canal Shaping
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional root canal procedures require multiple instruments with varying dimensions and structures, increasing complexity, cost, and risk of instrument breakage or blockage, due to the need for sequential enlargement with sets of files, which is inefficient and costly.
Innovation Solution
A nickel-titanium alloy endodontic instrument with shape memory properties that can be manually or mechanically driven, capable of expanding to adapt to complex root canal shapes, allowing for single-step preparation and reduced instrument usage by transitioning between martensitic and austenitic phases for easy introduction and effective shaping.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple instruments with varying dimensions and structures are used for sequential enlargement, then the root canal can be properly shaped and cleaned, but the complexity of the procedure increases, the cost increases, and the risk of instrument breakage or blockage increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent describes a single endodontic instrument that can perform multiple functions (cleaning, shaping, enlarging) that traditionally required multiple separate files and instruments. The instrument includes a shaft with a working end that can be configured to perform various endodontic tasks, eliminating the need for sequential use of multiple specialized instruments.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines multiple instrument functions into a single integrated device. The shaft structure integrates the capabilities of multiple files with varying dimensions and structures into one instrument, allowing the practitioner to perform sequential enlargement and shaping operations without changing instruments.
2Adaptability or versatility
If flexible fine instruments are used to conform to root canal curves, then the instrument can reach the end of the canal, but the instrument may lack the durability needed to shape and cut the walls of the canal
Solution Approach 1:
The patent describes a shaft with specific structural characteristics that provide different properties at different locations. The shaft has sufficient flexibility at the working end to conform to root canal curves, while maintaining overall structural integrity and durability for effective cutting and shaping operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes materials and structural design that allow the instrument to transition between flexible and rigid states as needed. The shaft can be made of superelastic materials or have a construction that provides flexibility for navigation but maintains strength for cutting, changing its mechanical properties based on operational requirements.
3Productivity
If mechanically driven instruments made of nickel-titanium alloy are used, then the instruments can perform cutting and shaping actions, but they wear out and must be carefully monitored throughout use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent describes instruments made of superelastic materials, which are composite or alloy materials with enhanced properties. These materials provide both the cutting efficiency needed for productive work and the wear resistance needed for reliable, monitored-free operation throughout the procedure.
4Device complexity
If a single instrument is used to perform all preparatory operations, then the cost and complexity are reduced, but the instrument must be able to adapt to complex root canal shapes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent describes a universal endodontic instrument designed to handle various root canal morphologies. The shaft can be configured with different working ends or features that allow it to adapt to and effectively treat complex curved canals, narrow cross-sections, and constricted areas that traditionally required multiple specialized instruments.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The instrument effectively adapts to complex root canal morphologies, reducing the need for multiple instruments, minimizing the risk of breakage, and enhancing the efficiency and safety of root canal preparation while maintaining durability and flexibility.
Implementation Method 1
A nickel-titanium alloy endodontic instrument with shape memory properties that can be manually or mechanically driven, capable of expanding to adapt to complex root canal shapes, allowing for single-step preparation and reduced instrument usage by transitioning between martensitic and austenitic phases
Data Source
AI summary
A dental tool or instrument having a shank located adjacent a first end thereof and a working area located adjacent an opposite second end. At least one elongate cut is formed along the working area and a memorized shape, having at least one protrusion, is formed in the working area. The dental tool or instrument is manufactured from a nitinol wire which initially has a transition temperature that is below room temperature, while the dental tool or instrument, following manufacture, has a final transition temperature of about 90.5±4 degrees Fahrenheit (i.e., 32.5±3 degrees Celsius). When the dental tool or instrument is at a temperature below its final transition temperature, the dental tool instrument is moldable to facilitate insertion into a root canal, but as soon as the dental tool or instrument is at or above the final transition temperature, the dental tool instrument automatically adopts the memorized shape.