Shape Memory Endodontic Instrument for Root Canal Adaptation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional root canal procedures require multiple instruments with varying diameters and tapers, increasing complexity, cost, and risk of instrument breakage, as well as the challenge of adapting to complex root canal morphologies.
Innovation Solution
A nickel-titanium alloy endodontic instrument with shape memory properties that transitions from a rectilinear configuration at ambient temperature to an expanded shape at higher temperatures, allowing it to adapt to the root canal's shape and perform multiple functions such as shaping, cutting, and cleaning, while minimizing the need for multiple instruments.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If multiple instruments with varying diameters and tapers are used to adapt to root canal morphology, then the root canal can be properly shaped and cleaned, but the complexity of the procedure increases and the risk of instrument breakage increases
Solution Approach 1:
The instrument employs a shape memory alloy working portion that can dynamically change its shape in response to temperature changes. The working portion transitions from a compressed configuration during insertion to an expanded structured configuration during operation, allowing a single instrument to adapt to different root canal morphologies without requiring multiple static instruments of varying diameters and tapers.
Solution Approach 2:
The instrument utilizes temperature-induced phase transformation in the shape memory alloy to change the physical state and dimensions of the working portion. By controlling the temperature, the working portion can transform between different shapes and sizes, enabling one instrument to perform the functions of multiple instruments with different geometric parameters.
2Manufacturing precision
If multiple instruments are used to progressively enlarge the root canal, then the desired shape is achieved, but the cost of the intervention increases
Solution Approach 1:
The single endodontic instrument is designed to perform multiple functions that previously required a set of different instruments. The shape memory alloy working portion can be configured to provide different effective diameters and tapers through temperature-controlled shape changes, allowing one universal instrument to replace multiple specialized instruments for progressive root canal enlargement.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention combines the functions of multiple separate instruments into a single integrated instrument. The working portion of the single instrument can assume multiple configurations corresponding to different stages of root canal preparation, merging what were previously separate tools into one multi-functional device that reduces the total quantity of instruments needed.
3Adaptability or versatility
If flexible fine instruments are used to conform to root canal curves, then the instrument can reach the end of the canal, but the instrument durability decreases and breakage risk increases
Solution Approach 1:
The shape memory alloy working portion dynamically adjusts its shape based on temperature. During insertion, it maintains a flexible compressed configuration that conforms to root canal curves. During operation, it transitions to a more rigid expanded configuration that provides durability and resistance to breakage, thus resolving the contradiction between flexibility for navigation and rigidity for durability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The instrument effectively adapts to complex root canal shapes, reduces the number of instruments required, enhances durability, and minimizes the risk of breakage, thereby simplifying the procedure, reducing costs, and improving safety and efficiency.
Implementation Method 1
A nickel-titanium alloy endodontic instrument with shape memory properties that transitions from a rectilinear configuration at ambient temperature to an expanded shape at higher temperatures
Data Source
Figure 1A
Figure 1B~1D
Figure 2A~2C
AI summary
A method of forming a dental tool or instrument having a memorized shape. The method comprises selecting a nitinol wire having an initial transition temperature below room temperature; grinding the nitinol wire to form the dental tool or instrument so as to have a shank, located adjacent a first end, and a working area, with at least one cutting edge, located adjacent an opposite second leading end; molding the working area into a molded shape having at least one protrusion formed therein; heating the dental tool or instrument to both: a) alter the initial transition temperature of the dental tool or instrument to a final transition temperature, and b) memorize the molded shape including the at least one protrusion so that the dental tool or instrument will automatically return to the molded shape having the at least one protrusion when at a temperature at or above the final transition temperature