Shaped Charge Liner Microstructure Control for Penetration Depth
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Solution Overview
Problem
Variations in the depth of penetration of shaped charge jets due to inconsistent material properties under high strain rates pose challenges in the effective design and performance of munitions, particularly in distributing impact loads efficiently without altering mass or materials.
Innovation Solution
The development of a manufacturing process that manipulates microstructural features such as grain size and orientation in shaped charge liners to enhance deformation mechanisms and material properties, allowing for improved jet elongation and penetration depth by aligning shear bands and slip planes with the direction of force loading, thereby optimizing shaped charge performance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If conventional manufacturing processes are used for shaped charge liners, then production is simple and cost-effective, but material properties under high strain rates are inconsistent leading to variations in penetration depth
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by manipulating microstructural features (grain size, grain orientation, shear bands, slip planes) during the manufacturing process before the shaped charge is deployed. Specifically, the liner is subjected to controlled deformation processes that pre-align grain structures and create organized dislocation patterns, ensuring consistent material response under high strain rate conditions during actual use.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes parameter changes by systematically varying manufacturing parameters such as rolling direction, cooling rates, and deformation conditions to control microstructural characteristics. By changing these parameters during production, the patent creates consistent grain orientation and dislocation density that translate to reliable penetration performance under explosive loading.
2Length of moving object
If more explosive mass is used to improve penetration depth, then jet elongation and penetration increase, but the weight and size of the munition increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by optimizing the microstructural parameters of the liner material itself rather than increasing explosive mass. By controlling grain size, grain orientation, and dislocation density through manufacturing processes, the patent enhances the liner's ability to deform efficiently under shock loading, achieving better jet formation and penetration with the same or reduced explosive mass.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material principles by creating a liner with a composite microstructure that combines specific grain structures with controlled dislocation patterns. This engineered microstructure provides optimized deformation characteristics that enhance jet elongation efficiency, allowing better penetration performance without proportionally increasing explosive mass.
3Strength
If the liner material is made stronger to resist shock loading, then structural integrity is improved, but ductility and ability to form jet are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating different microstructural characteristics in different regions or at different scales within the liner material. Specifically, it combines grain boundary strengthening mechanisms with controlled dislocation structures that provide both strength and ductility. The local arrangement of grains and dislocations is optimized to simultaneously resist shock loading and enable controlled deformation for jet formation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes composite material principles by creating a microstructure that combines multiple strengthening mechanisms (grain boundary strengthening, dislocation hardening, and controlled phase distributions) within the liner material. This composite microstructure provides both the strength to withstand shock loading and the ductility needed for efficient jet formation and deformation.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables the creation of designs that maintain approximately 60% of original performance with 30% of the original explosive mass, achieving efficient load distribution and improved jet formation characteristics.
Implementation Method 1
Grain boundaries disrupt the motion of dislocations through a material. Dislocation propagation is impeded because of the stress field of the grain boundary defect region and the lack of slip planes and slip directions and overall alignment across the boundaries.
Implementation Method 2
A dislocation can be a crystallographic defect, or irregularity, within a crystal structure. A presence of dislocations can strongly influence many properties of materials. For example, dislocations can stop motion and make materials stronger/brittle.
Implementation Method 3
The collapse of the liner is described as a series of concentric cones flowing into a series of concentric cylinders. The length is defined by the ability of the material to stretch and remain coherent.
Implementation Method 4
Shear bands are another described characteristic of shaped charge kinetics. These bands are characterized by massive collective dislocation activity in a narrow deformation zone with the adjacent matrix described by comparably low and homogeneous plastic flow.
Data Source
AI summary
Structures and methods of manufacturing utilizing direction of force loading or shock induced deformation of structures including microstructures produced in accordance with embodiments of the invention are provided. In one example, a method of manufacturing and structure including providing a metallic plate; forming said plate such that an original longitudinal direction of rolling the plate is perpendicular to a long direction of the plate, thus a force load on the plate would then be distributed over the longitudinal direction.