Shaped Charge Liner with Multi-Section Conical Angles
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing shaped charges used in perforating guns struggle to consistently create holes of similar diameter and penetration depth regardless of their orientation and fluid gaps, leading to discrepancies that can affect subsequent fracking operations by causing unequal pressure distribution.
Innovation Solution
A shaped charge design featuring a case with an explosive material and a liner comprising axially aligned sections with specific conical angles and heights, allowing for consistent hole creation across various orientations and fluid gaps, with the first conical angle between 44 and 52 degrees, the second between 56 and 58 degrees, and the third between 44 and 54 degrees, ensuring consistent diameter holes with less than 10% deviation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If shaped charges are used in a decentralized perforating gun, then the gun can be placed in various orientations in the wellbore, but the holes created in the casing and formation will have different diameters and penetration depths due to varying fluid gaps
Solution Approach 1:
The liner is divided into three sections with different conical angles (first section: 44-52 degrees, second section: 56-58 degrees, third section: 44-54 degrees) to create different jet characteristics in different regions. This local variation in geometry compensates for the varying fluid gaps caused by decentralized positioning, ensuring consistent hole diameter and penetration depth regardless of orientation.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the geometric parameters of the liner (specifically the conical angles of different sections) to optimize the explosive jet formation. By adjusting these parameters, the shaped charge compensates for variations in fluid gap distance, maintaining consistent perforation results across different orientations and positions in the wellbore.
2Productivity
If shaped charges are positioned at different orientations on the gun, then all holes can be distributed around the wellbore, but subsequent fracking operations experience unequal pressure distribution due to hole size variations
Solution Approach 1:
The multi-section liner with varying conical angles creates locally optimized jet patterns that compensate for orientation-dependent fluid gap variations. This ensures that holes created at different orientations have consistent dimensions, leading to uniform pressure distribution during subsequent fracking operations and improved operational reliability.
3Ease of manufacture
If a simple conical liner is used, then the shaped charge is easy to manufacture, but the hole diameter varies significantly with fluid gap distance
Solution Approach 1:
The liner is segmented into three distinct conical sections, each with a specific angle range. This segmentation allows for controlled variation in jet characteristics to compensate for fluid gap changes, improving hole diameter consistency while maintaining a manufacturing process that is still based on standard conical forming techniques.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This design ensures that shaped charges consistently create holes of similar diameter and penetration depth, regardless of orientation, improving the uniformity of fracking operations by maintaining pressure consistency across all perforated holes.
Implementation Method 1
A shaped charge is a term of art for a device that when detonated generates a focused explosive output
Implementation Method 2
When the explosive detonates the liner metal is compressed into a super-heated, super pressurized jet
Implementation Method 3
a shaped charge includes a metal case that contains an explosive material with a concave shape, which has a thin metal liner on the inner surface. When the explosive detonates the liner metal is compressed into a super-heated, super pressurized jet that can penetrate metal, concrete, and rock
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3~4
AI summary
An apparatus and method for specialized shaped charges that perforate similar sized diameter holes regardless of the fluid gaps between the shaped charge and the casing wall. A need exists for a shaped charge that will consistently create holes in the formation of similar diameter and penetration depth irrespective of the orientation of the shaped charge. In the examples several embodiments are shown for specialized shaped charges that can perforate similar sized holes regardless of the fluid gaps between the shaped charge and the casing wall.