Shared-Aperture Multi-Band Antenna for Antenna Coupling Decoupling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing multi-band antenna designs face challenges in coexistence and decoupling of different frequency bands, particularly with the addition of 5G-band antennas, due to spatial constraints and interference issues, leading to enlarged array sizes and ineffective intra-band decoupling.
Innovation Solution
A multi-band shared-aperture antenna design incorporating a first and second antenna array with specific dielectric plates and resonant circuits, where the first array operates at a lower frequency than the second, utilizing resonant circuits to minimize interference and enable coexistence without standing waves, and the second array operates at higher frequencies with decoupling structures to reduce coupling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Object-affected harmful factors
If a low-frequency antenna and a high-frequency antenna are coaxially nested with the low-frequency antenna keeping away from the high-frequency antenna, then coupling between the antennas is reduced and distortion of the high-frequency antenna pattern is avoided, but the antenna aperture becomes too large to be suitable for coexistence design of 5G-band antenna and 2G-band, 3G-band, and 4G-band antennas
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a nested structure where the high-frequency antenna array is positioned within the aperture of the low-frequency antenna. The low-frequency antenna elements are arranged in a larger aperture, while the high-frequency antenna elements are nested inside this aperture, allowing both antennas to share the same space without requiring separate large apertures for each frequency band.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from a planar two-dimensional arrangement to a three-dimensional configuration by stacking antenna elements at different heights above the ground plane. The low-frequency antenna elements are positioned at a first height while high-frequency antenna elements are positioned at a second height, utilizing the vertical dimension to reduce coupling and enable frequency-selective surface functionality.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If an ADS structure is used in an antenna array to reduce coupling between antenna units, then coupling between antenna units is effectively reduced, but a specific space needs to be added for the antenna structure based on a current antenna aperture, enlarging the space occupied by the entire array antenna
Solution Approach 1:
The frequency-selective surface serves multiple functions simultaneously: it acts as a reflector for low-frequency signals, provides decoupling between low-frequency and high-frequency antenna elements, and enables the high-frequency antenna to operate within the low-frequency antenna aperture. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate decoupling structures that would increase the overall antenna volume.
3Object-affected harmful factors
If independent intra-band decoupling is implemented for antennas of more than two frequency bands, then decoupling performance is improved, but the antenna structure becomes more complex and requires additional space
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the antenna system into distinct frequency bands with dedicated antenna elements optimized for each band. Low-frequency elements are positioned at a first height with specific geometric configurations, while high-frequency elements are positioned at a second height, allowing independent optimization and decoupling of each frequency band without requiring complex additional structures.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design allows for simultaneous operation of high-frequency and low-frequency antennas without mutual interference, achieving optimal performance and reduced coupling, while maintaining compact size and efficient decoupling.
Implementation Method 1
a frequency-selective surface is designed based on an aperture of the low-frequency antenna array, where the frequency-selective surface includes a first reflecting element corresponding to each first antenna element
Implementation Method 2
utilizing resonant circuits to minimize interference and enable coexistence without standing waves
Data Source
Figure 1a~1b
Figure 1c
Figure 2
AI summary
This application provides a multi-band shared-aperture antenna and a communication device. The multi-band shared-aperture antenna of this application includes a first antenna array, a second antenna array, and a reflection panel, where a frequency band of the first antenna array is lower than a frequency band of the second antenna array, the first antenna array includes four first dielectric plates perpendicular to the reflection panel, two adjacent first dielectric plates are perpendicular to each other, the first antenna array includes four hollowed butterfly dipole units, the dipole unit includes two radiation arms, the two radiation arms are respectively printed on two adjacent first dielectric plates, the radiation arm includes a first part and a second part, a first feeding stub is disposed on the first dielectric plate, the second part has a specified width in a direction perpendicular to the reflection panel, the second antenna array includes a plurality of second dielectric plates, four ring-shaped coils are disposed on any one of the second dielectric plates, and the ring-shaped coil is connected to a second feeding stub. An effect that a high-frequency antenna array and a low-frequency antenna array coexist is implemented without a mutual influence of standing waves.