Rolling Mill Shear Blade Alloy for Wear and Toughness Balance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current shear blades for rolling mills, used in intermediate temperature ranges, are either too soft and prone to cracking or too soft and prone to marking, leading to frequent replacements and increased maintenance costs, as they lack sufficient toughness and wear resistance.

Innovation Solution

A production process for shear blades using a steel alloy with reduced manganese and silicon content, increased molybdenum, and vanadium, combined with chromium, to enhance hardness, wear resistance, and heat resistance, resulting in a microstructure of tempered martensite that maintains sharpness and toughness across temperature variations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If tool steels for cold shearing are used, then wear resistance is improved, but toughness becomes insufficient leading to crack formation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidtoughness
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the chemical composition parameters of the steel by reducing carbon content from typical cold shear steel levels (1.5-2.0%) to 0.40-0.60%, and adjusting alloying element concentrations (increasing Cr to 4.00-6.00%, Mo to 2.00-3.00%, V to 0.45-0.65%). These parameter changes enable the steel to achieve both high wear resistance and sufficient toughness for intermediate temperature shearing applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite microstructure through controlled heat treatment, resulting in tempered martensite as the primary phase with dispersed carbides formed by chromium, molybdenum, and vanadium. This composite structure at the micro level provides both the hardness needed for wear resistance and the ductility required for toughness, resolving the contradiction between these two properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If tool steels for hot shearing are used, then toughness is improved, but wear resistance decreases leading to rapid dulling

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovetoughnessVSAvoidwear resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent adjusts the chemical composition to have moderate carbon content (0.40-0.60%, lower than traditional hot shear steels) combined with optimized alloying elements (Cr: 4.00-6.00%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, V: 0.45-0.65%). This composition enables the steel to achieve both adequate toughness for hot shearing and sufficient wear resistance through the formation of hard carbide particles dispersed in the tempered martensite matrix.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent develops a composite microstructure consisting of tempered martensite providing toughness and ductility, with fine dispersions of chromium carbides, molybdenum carbides, and vanadium carbides providing wear resistance. This micro-composite structure allows the steel to simultaneously exhibit both toughness and wear resistance, overcoming the traditional trade-off between these properties in hot shear steels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Strength

If carbon and chromium concentrations are increased for cold shearing, then hardness and wear resistance improve, but elasticity decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovehardnessVSAvoidelasticity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent reduces carbon content to a moderate level (0.40-0.60%) compared to traditional cold shear steels, which typically have 1.5-2.0% carbon. This reduction preserves elasticity while maintaining wear resistance through optimized alloying (Cr: 4.00-6.00%, Mo: 2.00-3.00%, V: 0.45-0.65%) and the formation of hard carbide particles that provide wear resistance without requiring high carbon content.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The new blades exhibit a significantly extended service life, reducing mill stoppages and maintenance costs by up to 65% and improving performance across various diameters, with enhanced wear resistance and thermal stability.

Implementation Method 1

a microstructure of tempered martensite that maintains sharpness and toughness

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase transformation: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

increased amount of molybdenum (Mo greater than or equal to 2,0%) relative to steels for cold shearing, for the purpose of facilitating the formation of molybdenum carbides

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCarbide formation: Chemical Bonding

Data Source

PatentEP2621653B2Shear for shearing rolled products and associated production process
Publication Date: 2023.10.25 DANIELI & C OFFICINE MECCANICHE SPA
  • EP2621653B2 patent drawingFigure 1~2

AI summary

Rolling mill shear provided with at least one blade having characteristics of toughness and resistance to thermal shock typical of the family of tool steels for hot shearing and at the same time having sufficiently high characteristics of surface hardness and wear resistance, typical of tool steels for cold shearing. This shear is particularly suitable for carrying out, with greater efficiency and for a longer time, relative to the known shears, the shearing of sections or bars at a temperature between 150 and 800 °C, downstream of the Quenching & Tempering heat treatment thereof.