SiC-Coated Carbon Cladding Tube for Thermal Stress Resistance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional nuclear fuel cladding tubes made of metal alloys are prone to wear and corrosion, leading to potential fission product release and increased heat during accidents, and existing ceramic-based solutions are complex and prone to cracking due to thermal stress.

Innovation Solution

A nuclear fuel cladding tube comprising a tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate with pyrolytic carbon and a SiC layer, where silicon atoms diffuse from the SiC layer into the substrate, preventing crack propagation and simplifying the production process, and a CVD-SiC layer is applied for enhanced strength and heat resistance.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a multilayer ceramic tube with monolithic SiC layer is used, then protection against wear and corrosion is improved, but the tube becomes prone to cracking under thermal stress

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection against wear and corrosionVSAvoidresistance to thermal stress cracking
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a composite structure combining SiC fibers embedded in a carbon matrix, rather than monolithic SiC. The carbon matrix absorbs thermal stress while SiC fibers provide structural strength and corrosion resistance, resolving the contradiction between protection and thermal stress resistance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the material parameters by incorporating carbon material with different thermal expansion properties than SiC. This parameter change allows the composite to accommodate thermal stress without cracking, while maintaining the protective functions of SiC

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If each SiC fiber is provided with a double coating (pyrolytic carbon sublayer and SiC sublayer), then crack prevention and oxidation protection are improved, but the production process becomes extremely complicated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrack prevention and oxidation protectionVSAvoidproduction process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention merges the coating process into a single bulk carbonization step where carbon is deposited on the fiber bundle and then carbonized together, rather than coating each fiber individually twice. This combining of steps dramatically simplifies the production process while achieving the same protective function

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The carbon matrix serves multiple functions simultaneously: it prevents crack propagation, provides oxidation protection, and simplifies the manufacturing process. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate specialized layers, decreasing overall system complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

3Reliability

If monolithic SiC layer is formed by CVD, then the cladding tube provides good protection, but the high rigidity causes strain from temperature changes to develop into cracks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection functionVSAvoidresistance to thermal strain
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The invention applies different material properties to different regions: the carbon matrix provides flexibility and stress absorption in the bulk, while SiC fibers provide local protection and structural integrity. This local differentiation of material quality resolves the contradiction between protection and thermal stability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution provides a strong, crack-resistant cladding tube that can operate at higher temperatures, reducing the risk of fission product release and extending reactor life with improved energy efficiency and simplified production.

Implementation Method 1

Silicon atoms are diffused from a boundary region between the SiC layer and the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate to the inside of the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDiffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 2

the tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate including an aggregate formed of ceramic fibers and pyrolytic carbon filled into interstices between the ceramic fibers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical Vapor Deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 3

a CVD-SiC layer is applied for enhanced strength and heat resistance

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical Vapor Deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Data Source

PatentEP2096643B1Nuclear fuel cladding tube and its method of production
Publication Date: 2014.04.02 IBIDEN CO LTD
  • EP2096643B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2096643B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A tubular body for holding nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor is provided. The tubular body consists of a tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate (6) including an aggregate formed of ceramic fibers (3) and a carbonaceous material (4) filled into interstices between the ceramic fibers, and a SiC layer (8) formed at least on an outer surface of the tubular fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate. Silicon atoms are diffused from a boundary region between the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate and the SiC layer (8) to an inside of the fiber-reinforced carbonaceous substrate.