SiC Fiber Ceramic Matrix Composite with MAX Phase for Turbine Components

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Solution Overview

Problem

Ceramic matrix composites for turbine engine components lack sufficient fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance, limiting their industrial and aerospace applications.

Innovation Solution

A ceramic matrix composite comprising continuous silicon carbide fibers in a ceramic matrix with a MAX phase compound, where the MAX phase compound is present at a concentration of 60 wt.% to 99 wt.%, and silicon carbide is present at 1 wt.% to 40 wt.%, along with a silicide, to enhance mechanical and thermal properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional ceramic matrix composites are used, then thermal and mechanical properties are achieved, but fracture toughness is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefracture toughnessVSAvoidthermal shock resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining SiC fibers with a matrix containing both SiC and MAX phase compounds. The MAX phase compound (e.g., Ti3SiC2) is incorporated at 60-99 wt.% of the matrix to specifically enhance fracture toughness and thermal shock resistance while maintaining the inherent thermal and mechanical properties of the SiC fiber-reinforced composite structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Temperature

If ceramic matrix composite is used for turbine engine components, then high temperature resistance is achieved, but fracture toughness is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehigh temperature resistanceVSAvoidfracture toughness
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The invention uses a hybrid composite matrix system combining SiC ceramic particles with MAX phase compound particles. The MAX phase compound (containing early transition metal M, A-group element A, and carbon or nitrogen X) is specifically selected to provide high temperature stability while enhancing fracture toughness through its layered hexagonal structure, which allows for energy absorption during crack propagation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Weight of moving object

If SiC/SiC composite is used, then low weight and excellent thermal properties are achieved, but thermal shock resistance is insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelow weightVSAvoidthermal shock resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enhances the SiC/SiC composite by introducing MAX phase compound into the matrix, creating a SiC fiber-reinforced composite with a SiC-MAX phase matrix. The MAX phase compound provides improved thermal shock resistance through its unique layered structure that can accommodate thermal stresses, while maintaining the low weight and excellent thermal conductivity characteristics of the original SiC-based composite.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Data Source

PatentEP3138829B1Turbine engine component comprising a ceramic matrix composite including silicon carbide fibers in a ceramic matrix comprising a max phase compound
Publication Date: 2018.05.23 ROLLS ROYCE HIGH TEMPERATURE COMPOSITES INC
  • EP3138829B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A ceramic matrix composite includes continuous silicon carbide fibers in a ceramic matrix comprising silicon carbide and a MAX phase compound having a chemical composition Mn+1AXn, where M is a transition metal selected from the group consisting of: Ti, V, Cr, Sc, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf, and Ta; A is a group-A element selected from the group consisting of: Al, Si, P, S, Ga, Ge, As, Cd, In, Sn, TI and Pb; and X is carbon or nitrogen, with n being an integer from 1 to 3.