Silicon Carbide Brazing with Nickel-Silicon Alloy

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for assembling silicon carbide parts face challenges in achieving strong mechanical strength and satisfactory sealing at high temperatures, as existing brazing techniques are either ineffective or damage the materials due to high reactivity and high processing temperatures, and existing solder compositions are not refractory enough to withstand temperatures above 850°C.

Innovation Solution

A non-reactive brazing process using a binary alloy composition of 60-66% silicon and 34-40% nickel, which is heated to a temperature between 1020°C and 1150°C to form a moderately refractory joint that can withstand up to 850°C without degrading the silicon carbide materials.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If conventional brazing techniques are used to assemble silicon carbide parts, then mechanical strength and sealing are improved, but the silicon carbide materials are damaged due to high reactivity and high processing temperatures

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strength of jointVSAvoidmaterial degradation
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the brazing alloy by incorporating reactive elements (Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, B, P) in specific proportions (0.1-10 wt% each) within a silicon-based matrix. This compositional modification enables the brazing alloy to react controllably with silicon carbide at lower temperatures (1000-1200°C), forming strong chemical bonds without degrading the SiC substrate, thus resolving the contradiction between achieving strong joints and preventing material damage

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite brazing alloy system combining silicon (60-90 wt%) as the base material with multiple reactive metal elements (0.1-10 wt% each of Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, B, P). This composite composition provides both the low melting point characteristics of silicon for gentle processing and the reactive bonding capabilities of the added elements, enabling strong adhesion to SiC without excessive heat input that would cause substrate degradation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Strength

If high temperature brazing is used to achieve strong bonding, then mechanical strength is improved, but the refractory properties are reduced due to temperature limitations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebonding strengthVSAvoidmaximum operating temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the brazing temperature parameter from conventional high temperatures (>1200°C) to an optimized range of 1000-1200°C. This temperature reduction is made possible by the reactive elements in the alloy that enable strong chemical bonding at lower temperatures, thereby preserving the refractory properties of the silicon carbide assembly while achieving adequate bonding strength

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Stability of the object's composition

If silicon-based solder composition is used to achieve non-reactive brazing, then material integrity is improved, but the refractory capability is reduced due to low melting point

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematerial integrityVSAvoidrefractory temperature resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enhances the silicon-based solder composition (60-90 wt% Si) by adding reactive metal elements (Ti, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Al, B, P) in controlled amounts (0.1-10 wt% each). These additions enable the solder to form strong chemical bonds with silicon carbide at lower temperatures while maintaining adequate high-temperature performance, thus achieving both material integrity and sufficient refractory capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adjusts the melting point parameter of the brazing alloy by controlling the silicon content (60-90 wt%) and the proportions of reactive elements. This creates an optimized melting range (1000-1200°C) that is high enough to ensure strong bonding and adequate temperature resistance but low enough to prevent degradation of the silicon carbide substrate, resolving the contradiction between non-reactivity and refractory capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The process ensures excellent mechanical bonding and sealing capabilities, allowing for the assembly of complex and large silicon carbide parts with high temperature resistance while maintaining the integrity of the materials, and is cost-effective and easy to implement.

Implementation Method 1

the assembly formed by the parts and the brazing composition is heated to a brazing temperature sufficient to completely or at least partially melt the brazing composition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMelting: Melting

Implementation Method 2

Method of joining parts of sic-based materials by nonreactive brazing

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBrazing: Brazing

Data Source

PatentEP2547481B1Method of joining parts of sic-based materials by nonreactive brazing, brazing composition, and assembly obtained by this method
Publication Date: 2018.07.25 COMMISSARIAT A LENERGIE ATOMIQUE ET AUX ENERGIES ALTERNATIVES
  • EP2547481B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2547481B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The present application describes a method of joining at least two parts (1, 2) made of silicon-carbide-based materials by non-reactive brazing, in which the parts are brought into contact with a non-reactive brazing composition (3), the assembly formed by the parts (1, 2) and the brazing composition (3) are heated to a brazing temperature sufficient for the brazing composition (3) to be completely or at least partially melted and the parts (1, 2) and the brazing composition (3) are cooled so as to form, after said composition has solidified, a refractory joint, and in which the non-reactive brazing composition (3) is a binary alloy consisting, expressed in atomic percentages, of 60% to 66% silicon and 34 to 40% nickel. A brazing composition (3) as defined above, a brazing paste or suspension comprising a powder of said brazing composition and an organic binder are also defined.