SiC Power Device Fabrication via Substrate Removal

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Solution Overview

Problem

The development of silicon carbide power devices, particularly n-channel IGBTs, is hindered by the poor quality and conductivity of 4H silicon carbide p-type substrates, which limit their ability to operate at high blocking voltages and are prone to conduction losses, whereas p-channel IGBTs face challenges in achieving low on-resistance and high blocking voltage.

Innovation Solution

A method is developed to fabricate silicon carbide power devices by forming a p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer on an n-type substrate, partially removing the n-type substrate to expose the p-type epitaxial layer, and creating an ohmic contact on the p-type layer, thereby reducing the disadvantages associated with using a p-type substrate, and forming an n-channel silicon carbide DMOSFET structure that converts to an n-channel IGBT.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a p-type silicon carbide substrate is used to fabricate n-channel IGBTs, then the device structure can be formed, but the poor quality and conductivity of the substrate limit the blocking voltage capability and increase conduction losses

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblocking voltage capabilityVSAvoidsubstrate quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts and removes the problematic n-type substrate material while preserving the functional p-type epitaxial layer. The n-type substrate is selectively removed through the formed openings to expose the p-type layer, eliminating the substrate quality limitations while maintaining the device structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The device is segmented into distinct functional layers with different conductivity types. The p-type epitaxial layer is separated from the n-type substrate through selective removal, allowing each layer to perform its optimal function without the constraints of the other.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Reliability

If a p-channel IGBT structure is used, then the blocking voltage can be achieved, but the on-resistance cannot be reduced to low levels

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblocking voltageVSAvoidon-resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a p-channel structure with p-type substrate, the patent inverts the approach by using an n-channel structure with p-type epitaxial layer formed on n-type substrate. This inversion allows achieving low on-resistance characteristics of n-channel devices while maintaining high blocking voltage capability through the p-n junction configuration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #13The other way round (Inversion)

3Ease of manufacture

If the n-type substrate is completely removed, then the p-type epitaxial layer can be exposed, but the device loses structural support and cannot be fabricated

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveepitaxial layer exposureVSAvoidstructural support
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies partial removal of the n-type substrate rather than complete removal. Openings are formed to expose the p-type epitaxial layer in specific regions where contact is needed, while the majority of the substrate remains to provide structural support for the device.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the production of n-channel silicon carbide IGBTs with lower on-resistance and higher blocking voltage capabilities compared to p-channel counterparts, suitable for high voltage applications, and improves the yield and attractiveness of silicon carbide power devices in electronic systems.

Implementation Method 1

The n-type silicon carbide substrate is partially removed, so as to expose the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEtching:

Implementation Method 2

An ohmic contact is formed on at least some of the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer that is exposed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOhmic contact formation:

Data Source

PatentEP2149154B1Method of fabricating a silicon carbide power device and silicon carbide power device fabricated thereby
Publication Date: 2018.04.25 WOLFSPEED INC
  • EP2149154B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1G
  • EP2149154B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2G
  • EP2149154B1 patent drawingFigure 3A~3G

AI summary

A silicon carbide power device is fabricated by forming a p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer on an n-type silicon carbide substrate, and forming a silicon carbide power device structure on the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer. The n-type silicon carbide substrate is at least partially removed, so as to expose the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer. An ohmic contact is formed on at least some of the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer that is exposed. By at least partially removing the n-type silicon carbide substrate and forming an ohmic contact on the p-type silicon carbide epitaxial layer, the disadvantages of using a p-type substrate may be reduced or eliminated. Related structures are also described.