SiGe Cladding on FinFET Channels for High Mobility

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Solution Overview

Problem

The challenge in fabricating FinFETs lies in maintaining high mobility at smaller gate pitches due to reduced stress from source/drain SiGe stressors, limiting further improvements in channel mobility and scaling.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating a SiGe cladding layer onto the channel area of silicon fins, which can be enhanced with a SiGe source/drain stressor, and optionally capped with silicon to improve the gate dielectric/semiconductor interface, allowing for built-in stress and compatibility with existing process flows.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If source/drain SiGe stressors are used to improve channel mobility, then channel mobility is enhanced, but the stress decreases at smaller gate pitches, limiting further scaling

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechannel mobilityVSAvoidgate pitch
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLength of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transitions from planar stress application (source/drain stressors only) to three-dimensional stress application by cladding SiGe on the fin surfaces. This dimensional change allows stress to be applied from multiple directions (sidewalls and top surface), maintaining effective stress on the channel even as gate pitch decreases, thereby resolving the contradiction between improving mobility and scaling to smaller dimensions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite structure by combining SiGe cladding layers with the silicon fin channel. This composite material approach allows the SiGe to provide built-in compressive stress to the silicon channel, enhancing carrier mobility while the overall structure can be scaled to smaller gate pitches without losing the stress effect

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Reliability

If SiGe cladding layer is added to provide built-in stress, then channel strain is enhanced, but device structure and fabrication process become more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvechannel strainVSAvoidfabrication process
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges the stress application function into the fin structure fabrication process itself by depositing SiGe cladding layers during fin formation. This integration means that the complexity of adding stress is combined with the existing fin fabrication steps, rather than being a separate additional process, thereby reducing the overall impact on fabrication complexity while still achieving enhanced channel strain

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The SiGe cladding layer provides self-service by automatically providing built-in compressive stress to the channel through its material properties and lattice mismatch with silicon. The stress is inherently generated by the cladding process itself, eliminating the need for separate stress application mechanisms or additional complex processing steps

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enhances channel strain, maintaining high mobility and enabling further scaling and performance improvements in FinFETs by providing compressive stress, particularly beneficial for PMOS devices.

Implementation Method 1

a cladding layer of germanium or silicon germanium (SiGe) on one or more surfaces of the channel region of the fin

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLattice mismatch stress:

Implementation Method 2

the built-in stress from a deposited SiGe cladding layer on a silicon fin can be enhanced with a SiGe source/drain stressor that compresses both the fin and SiGe cladding layers in the channel area

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMechanical stress:

Data Source

PatentEP3998639A1High mobility strained channels for fin-based transistors
Publication Date: 2022.05.18 INTEL CORP
  • EP3998639A1 patent drawingFigure 1~4
  • EP3998639A1 patent drawingFigure 5~7
  • EP3998639A1 patent drawingFigure 8a~8d

AI summary

Techniques are disclosed for incorporating high mobility strained channels into fin-based transistors (e.g., FinFETs such as double-gate, trigate, etc), wherein a stress material is cladded onto the channel area of the fin. In one example embodiment, silicon germanium (SiGe) is cladded onto silicon fins to provide a desired stress, although other fin and cladding materials can be used. The techniques are compatible with typical process flows, and the cladding deposition can occur at a plurality of locations within the process flow. In some cases, the builtin stress from the cladding layer may be enhanced with a source/drain stressor that compresses both the fin and cladding layers in the channel. In some cases, an optional capping layer can be provided to improve the gate dielectric / semiconductor interface. In one such embodiment, silicon is provided over a SiGe cladding layer to improve the gate dielectric / semiconductor interface.