Silane-Modified Succinimide Dispersants for Copper Corrosion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Lubricating oil compositions used in internal combustion engines often cause corrosion on copper and lead components, necessitating improved copper corrosion performance to meet OEM certification standards.
Innovation Solution
Incorporating oil-soluble tetra-functional hydrolyzable silane compounds of the general formula Si—X4 or their hydrolysis products into the lubricating oil composition, where X can be hydroxyl, hydrocarbyloxy, acyloxy, amino, or dialkyl amino groups, to enhance copper corrosion resistance.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If succinimide dispersants are used to provide engine cleanliness and protect metallic parts from corrosion by acidic components, then detergency and oxidation stability are improved, but copper and lead component corrosion increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces silane-modified succinimide dispersants as an intermediary substance that mediates between the base oil and copper/lead components. The silane modification creates a protective layer on the metal surface that prevents direct contact with corrosive acidic components while maintaining the dispersant's ability to keep oxidation products in suspension. This intermediary approach allows the system to benefit from both detergency and reduced copper corrosion.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent modifies the chemical parameters of the succinimide dispersant by introducing silane groups. This parameter change alters the surface properties of the dispersant, enabling it to form protective films on copper and lead components. The silane modification changes the interaction between the dispersant and metal surfaces, transforming the mechanism from direct corrosion to protected interaction, thereby reducing copper corrosion while maintaining detergency.
2Reliability
If polyalkylene amines are used to react with succinic anhydrides and produce dispersants with high basic nitrogen content, then protection of metallic parts from corrosion is improved, but copper corrosion performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The silane modification acts as an intermediary layer between the basic nitrogen-containing dispersant and copper components. This intermediary silane layer prevents the basic nitrogen groups from directly interacting with copper in a corrosive manner, while still allowing the dispersant to fulfill its protective function against acidic components through the modified structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite structure by combining silane groups with succinimide dispersants. This composite material retains the corrosion protection capabilities of the basic nitrogen-containing dispersant while adding copper corrosion resistance through the silane component. The composite structure integrates multiple functions: detergency, oxidation stability, and selective copper corrosion protection.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The addition of these silane compounds significantly improves copper corrosion performance, as demonstrated by reduced copper corrosion in standard tests, effectively protecting metal surfaces and meeting OEM requirements.
Implementation Method 1
one or more copper corrosion performance improving agents of the general formula Si—X4 or a hydrolysis product thereof
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed is a method for improving copper corrosion performance of a lubricating oil composition containing (a) a major amount of a base oil of lubricating viscosity; and (b) one or more dispersants containing one or more basic nitrogen atoms. The method involves adding to the lubricating oil composition an effective amount of one or more copper corrosion performance improving agents of the general formula Si—X4 or a hydrolysis product thereof, wherein each X is independently a hydroxyl-containing group, hydrocarbyloxy-containing group, acyloxy-containing group, amino-containing group, monoalkyl amino-containing group or dialkyl amino-containing group.