Silicon Anode Primary Cell With Low-Lithium High-Power Electrolyte
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for environmentally friendly, recyclable, and cost-effective battery solutions for e-mobility and decentralized electricity generation, particularly silicon-containing galvanic cells that provide high power density and low lithium content.
Innovation Solution
The development of an electrochemical primary cell with a silicon anode and a manganese dioxide cathode, using silicon particles with sizes between 1 nm and 3000 nm, and optionally amorphous, in combination with a fluoride-containing electrolyte or ionic liquids to achieve high power densities, while minimizing lithium content.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Power
If common silicon-containing lithium-ion secondary batteries are used, then high power density can be achieved, but lithium content becomes high and recyclability is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The invention extracts and removes lithium from the silicon-based battery system, developing a lithium-free electrolyte composition that enables silicon anodes to function without lithium ions, thereby achieving high power density while eliminating lithium content concerns
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by using specific ratios of cyclic carbonate (15-30 vol%), chain carbonate (70-85 vol%), and lithium salt (0.5-2 mol/L), enabling the system to achieve high power density without relying on traditional lithium-ion mechanisms
2Power
If silicon particles with larger size are used, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but power density decreases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention optimizes the particle size parameter of silicon to a specific range (1-3000 nm) that balances surface area for electrochemical reactions with manufacturing feasibility, achieving high power density while maintaining cost-effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite electrode structure combining silicon particles (1-3000 nm) with conductive carbon materials and binders, enhancing both power density and structural integrity without requiring excessive refinement of silicon particle size
3Power
If amorphous silicon particles are used, then power density increases, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the physical state parameter of silicon from crystalline to amorphous form, which provides higher surface area and more active sites for electrochemical reactions, thereby achieving superior power density despite increased manufacturing complexity
4Power
If fluoride-containing electrolytes are used, then power density reaches maximum, but electrolyte complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention modifies the electrolyte composition by incorporating fluoride-containing lithium salts (such as LiF, CF3SO3Li, LiBF4) at optimized concentrations (0.5-2 mol/L), which enhances ionic conductivity and achieves maximum power density while maintaining manageable system complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This configuration achieves power densities of greater than or equal to 3 mW/cm² and ensures the silicon particles are recyclable, reducing lithium content to less than 0.1% by weight, making the cells economically viable and environmentally friendly.
Implementation Method 1
generate electrical energy in the presence of an oxidizing agent by constantly supplying fuel to fuel cells that have a galvanic cell
Implementation Method 2
The highest power densities could be achieved with fluoride-containing electrolytes
Data Source
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Figure 3
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AI summary
The invention relates to an electrochemical primary cell comprising an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte and at least one separator, wherein the cathode preferably comprises manganese dioxide as a material and optionally a carbon-containing conductivity enhancer, wherein the anode comprises silicon as an anode material, the silicon being in the form of silicon particles, and the silicon particles being primary silicon particles with a particle size between 1 nm and 3000 nm, and the primary silicon particles being optionally substantially amorphous.Furthermore, the invention comprises a multi-cell battery with at least two interconnected primary cells connected in series, as well as the use of silicon as an anode material in the form of silicon particles, which are present as silicon primary particles with a particle size between 1 nm and 3000 nm and form agglomerates and/or aggregates, wherein the anode material does not comprise lithium in the charged state and wherein the silicon primary particles are optionally substantially amorphous.