Silicon-Anode Battery Charging Profile for Fast Charge Cycle Life

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Solution Overview

Problem

Charging non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries with silicon compounds as a negative electrode active material faces challenges of cracking due to high currents, leading to deteriorated cycle characteristics, while low currents result in prolonged charging times.

Innovation Solution

A charging method involving multiple stages with controlled current values, including a first charging step at a first constant current, a second charging step at a lower current, and a large current step, optimized by empirical expressions to balance efficiency and cycle characteristics, specifically for batteries with a carbon-silicon compound mix.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If charging current is increased to reduce charging time, then productivity is improved, but the silicon compound cracks and cycle characteristics deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging speedVSAvoidcycle characteristics
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The charging process is divided into multiple stages with different current values. The charging method applies a first constant current value for initial charging, then switches to a second constant current value when the battery capacity reaches a specific threshold (when Q1/Q ≥ 0.05), and finally transitions to a large current charging step. This segmentation allows the battery to be charged efficiently without causing silicon compound cracking during critical phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The charging current is dynamically adjusted based on the battery's state of charge. The method monitors battery capacity in real-time and changes current values at specific thresholds. This dynamic adjustment ensures that high current is applied only when safe (when silicon compound stress is low), while protecting the silicon compound structure during vulnerable charging phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Reliability

If charging current is reduced to prevent silicon compound cracking, then cycle characteristics are maintained, but charging time increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecycle characteristicsVSAvoidcharging speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The charging process is divided into multiple stages with different current values. The charging method applies a first constant current value for initial charging, then switches to a second constant current value when the battery capacity reaches a specific threshold (when Q1/Q ≥ 0.05), and finally transitions to a large current charging step. This segmentation allows the battery to be charged efficiently without causing silicon compound cracking during critical phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The charging method changes the current parameter based on battery capacity thresholds. By monitoring the ratio Q1/Q and switching current values at specific thresholds (0.05, 0.1, 0.2), the method optimizes the balance between charging speed and silicon compound protection, achieving both fast charging and maintained cycle characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If high current charging is applied from the beginning, then charging efficiency is improved, but initial irreversible capacity increases due to silicon compound damage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging efficiencyVSAvoidinitial irreversible capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSLoss of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The method applies a preliminary charging phase with controlled current (first and second constant current values) before transitioning to large current charging. This preliminary action prepares the battery by initially charging it at lower currents when the silicon compound is more vulnerable, preventing damage and reducing initial irreversible capacity loss before high-current charging begins.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The charging current is dynamically adjusted based on the battery's state of charge. The method monitors battery capacity in real-time and changes current values at specific thresholds. This dynamic adjustment ensures that high current is applied only when safe (when silicon compound stress is low), while protecting the silicon compound structure during vulnerable charging phases.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method enables efficient charging in a short time while maintaining favorable cycle characteristics by minimizing silicon compound cracking and optimizing lithium ion occlusion.

Implementation Method 1

a silicon compound such as silicon oxide represented by SiO x can occlude more lithium ions per unit volume than a carbon material such as graphite

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon occlusion: Absorption (physical)

Data Source

PatentEP3761439B1Charging method of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and charging system of non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
Publication Date: 2025.07.02 PANASONIC INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT CO LTD
  • EP3761439B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3761439B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3761439B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A charging method of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery involves a first charging step in which, defining x as the ratio of the capacity of a silicon compound to the rated capacity Q(0.1 ≤ x ≤ 0.5), a battery capacity Q1st that satisfies the expression below is charged at a first fixed current value; and a high current charging step in which, after completion of the first charging step, charging is performed at a fixed current value higher than the first fixed current value. Expression: 0.38x - 0.063 - α ≤ Q1st / Q ≤ 0.38x + 0.163 + α (α = 0.1)