Silicon Etching Liquid Composition for Smooth Anisotropic Wafer Etching

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing silicon etching technologies face challenges with low etching rates on the 111 plane, leading to pyramid-shaped hillocks and surface roughness, especially when using low alkali concentrations to reduce costs and safety risks, and struggle with high selectivity towards silicon oxide films.

Innovation Solution

A silicon etching liquid comprising quaternary ammonium hydroxide and quaternary ammonium salt, with specific concentrations and carbon atom ranges, is used to suppress hillock formation and enhance selectivity towards silicon oxide films.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If low alkali concentration is used to reduce costs and safety risks, then safety and cost improve, but etching rate and surface smoothness deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety riskVSAvoidetching rate
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the etching liquid by introducing quaternary ammonium salts with specific carbon atom counts (6-20) and controlling their concentration (0.1-20 mass%). This parameter change allows the system to achieve high etching rates on silicon 111 planes while maintaining low alkali concentration, thus improving both productivity and safety simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite etching liquid system combining quaternary ammonium hydroxide, quaternary ammonium salts, and water. This composite formulation synergistically enhances etching performance on silicon 111 planes while maintaining low alkali concentration, resolving the contradiction between safety and productivity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Object-affected harmful factors

If low alkali concentration is used, then safety and cost improve, but surface smoothness and hillock formation deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety riskVSAvoidsurface smoothness
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent modifies the etching liquid composition by adding quaternary ammonium salts with specific carbon atom ranges (6-20) at controlled concentrations (0.1-20 mass%). This parameter change suppresses hillock formation and maintains surface smoothness even at low alkali concentrations, thereby improving both safety and manufacturing precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The quaternary ammonium salts act as molecular templates that replicate favorable etching patterns on silicon surfaces, preventing hillock formation by copying smooth surface structures during the etching process, thus maintaining surface precision under safe operating conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Productivity

If conventional etching liquid is used, then etching capability is maintained, but selectivity with silicon oxide film deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveetching capabilityVSAvoidetching selectivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition by incorporating quaternary ammonium salts with specific carbon atom counts (6-20) and optimizing their concentration (0.1-20 mass%). This parameter modification enhances etching selectivity towards silicon oxide films while maintaining high etching capability, allowing simultaneous improvement of productivity and precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enables smooth etching of silicon surfaces with reduced surface roughness and improved selectivity, allowing for efficient processing of silicon wafers and films while minimizing environmental impact and costs.

Implementation Method 1

Silicon etching includes etching with a hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid aqueous solution and etching using alkali

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical etching: Chemical Bonding

Implementation Method 2

unlike the etching with the hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid aqueous solution, crystal anisotropy is exhibited. Crystal anisotropy refers to nature (etching anisotropy) that brings a difference in etching rate depending on the crystal orientation of silicon

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrystal anisotropy: Anisotropy

Implementation Method 3

since the hydrofluoric acid-nitric acid aqueous solution oxidizes silicon to produce a silicon oxide film and etches the silicon oxide film

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxidation: Oxidation

Data Source

PatentUS12466999B2Silicon etching liquid, and method for producing silicon device and method for processing silicon substrate, each using said etching liquid
Publication Date: 2025.11.11 TOKUYAMA CORP

AI summary

A silicon etching liquid which is characterized by containing a quaternary ammonium hydroxide represented by formula (1), a quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (2) and water, and which is also characterized in that the concentration of the quaternary ammonium salt represented by formula (2) is more than 1% by mass but not more than 50% by mass. (1): R1R2R3R4N+·OH− (In formula (1), R1, R2, R3 and R4 may be the same groups or different groups, and each represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, aryl group or a benzyl group.) (2): R5R6R7R8N+·X− (In formula (2), R5, R6, R7 and R8 may be the same groups or different groups, and each represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having from 1 to 16 carbon atoms; and X represents BF4, a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a bromine atom.)