Silicon Nano Wire Solar Cell Low-Temperature Fabrication

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current solar cell technologies face challenges in miniaturization due to high-temperature processes and silicon material supply shortages, limiting the development of low-temperature methods for fabricating miniaturized thin film solar cells.

Innovation Solution

The development of a solar cell structure incorporating silicon nano wires with a transparent conductive oxide layer, antireflective layers, and specific doping layers, fabricated using techniques like inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition, which allows for the growth of silicon nano wires with optimal dimensions for efficient light absorption.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Loss of energy

If silicon wafer based solar cells are used, then conversion efficiency is improved, but manufacturing complexity and material supply constraints increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconversion efficiencyVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of energyVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the physical parameters of silicon from bulk wafer form to nano wire form with diameters of 1-100 nm and lengths of 1-100 μm. This parameter change enables low-temperature fabrication processes while maintaining high conversion efficiency, resolving the contradiction between efficiency and manufacturing complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by creating highly doped regions (first-type and second-type doping layers with doping concentrations of 10^19-10^21 atoms/cm³) at specific locations around the nano wires, while keeping other regions intrinsic or lightly doped. This localized doping approach optimizes carrier collection efficiency without requiring complex high-temperature processing throughout the entire structure

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Ease of manufacture

If miniaturized thin film solar cells are fabricated by low-temperature process, then manufacturing ease is improved, but conversion efficiency decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing easeVSAvoidconversion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs composite material structures combining silicon nano wires with transparent conductive oxide layers, intrinsic semiconductor layers, and doped semiconductor layers. This composite approach enables low-temperature fabrication while maintaining efficient light absorption and charge carrier collection, thus achieving both ease of manufacture and high conversion efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The solar cell structure is segmented into distinct functional layers: light absorption layer with nano wires, intrinsic layer for carrier separation, and doped layers for charge collection. This segmentation allows each layer to be optimized independently at low temperatures, resolving the contradiction between manufacturing ease and conversion efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

3Productivity

If silicon material supply is increased, then solar cell production is improved, but material cost and supply chain constraints increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesolar cell productionVSAvoidsilicon material supply
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes silicon from bulk material to nano wire structures with diameters of 1-100 nm, dramatically reducing the total silicon material quantity required per cell while maintaining or enhancing production capacity. This parameter change resolves the contradiction between productivity and material quantity requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables the creation of efficient solar cells with improved light absorption and conversion efficiency, overcoming the limitations of traditional high-temperature processes and silicon material constraints.

Implementation Method 1

A solar cell, a representative example of the new recyclable energy fields, directly converts sunlight, which is a limitless source of clean energy, into electricity using the photoelectric effect.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric effect: Photoelectric Effect

Implementation Method 2

fabricated using techniques like inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition, which allows for the growth of silicon nano wires with optimal dimensions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectChemical vapor deposition: Chemical Vapour Deposition

Implementation Method 3

inductively coupled plasma chemical vapor deposition

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlasma: Plasma

Data Source

PatentEP2221877B1Solar cell including silicon nano wire and method for fabricating solar cell
Publication Date: 2019.01.23 KOREA INSTITUTE OF INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY
  • EP2221877B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2221877B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2221877B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

A method for fabricating a silicon nano wire, a solar cell including the silicon nano wire and a method for fabricating the solar cell. The solar cell includes a substrate, a first++-type poly-Si layer formed on the substrate, a first-type silicon nano wire layer including a first-type silicon nano wire grown from the first++-type poly-Si layer, an intrinsic layer formed on the substrate having the first-type silicon nano wire layer, and a second-type doping layer formed on the intrinsic layer.