Silicon Nitride Hybrid Matrix Grinding Tool

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Solution Overview

Problem

Grinding tools for hard and brittle materials like tungsten carbide face issues with unpredictable wear, high energy consumption, and reduced G-ratio due to the weakness of the matrix holding abrasive particles, leading to premature wear and inaccurate machining.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating silicon nitride into the metallic bonding agent matrix, along with a polymeric bonding agent like polyimide, to create a hybrid matrix that enhances the retention and gradual wear of abrasive particles, reducing energy consumption and maintaining a consistent G-ratio.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If a conventional metallic bonding agent matrix is used to hold abrasive particles, then the grinding tool can be manufactured with standard materials and processes, but the matrix is too weak causing premature wear of abrasive particles and reduced G-ratio

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematrix strengthVSAvoidservice life of grinding tool
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSDuration of action of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies composite materials by combining silicon nitride (a ceramic material with high strength and hardness) with a metallic bonding agent to create a composite matrix. This composite structure provides both the structural strength needed to retain abrasive particles and the durability for extended service life, resolving the contradiction between matrix strength and tool service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the bonding agent matrix by incorporating silicon nitride at specific concentrations (0.1-5.0% by volume). This parameter modification enhances the matrix properties to simultaneously achieve adequate strength for particle retention and improved wear resistance for longer tool life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Strength

If the matrix is made stronger to retain abrasive particles, then particle retention improves, but energy consumption increases due to higher resistance during grinding

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematrix strengthVSAvoidenergy consumption during grinding
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the silicon nitride content parameter within a specific range (0.1-5.0% by volume) to achieve the right balance. This controlled parameter change provides sufficient matrix strength for particle retention while avoiding excessive hardness that would increase grinding resistance and energy consumption, thus resolving the contradiction between strength and energy use.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If conventional bonding agents are used, then manufacturing cost is controlled, but wear resistance is insufficient leading to premature consumption of abrasive rim

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidwear resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a composite approach by adding silicon nitride particles to the metallic bonding agent matrix. This composite structure significantly improves wear resistance and reliability of the abrasive rim while maintaining compatibility with conventional manufacturing processes, thus achieving better reliability without sacrificing ease of manufacture.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the compositional parameters of the bonding agent by incorporating silicon nitride within optimized concentration ranges. This parameter change enhances wear resistance and extends the service life of the abrasive rim, providing improved reliability while controlling manufacturing costs through efficient material utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The hybrid matrix with silicon nitride improves wear resistance and maintains a high G-ratio, ensuring predictable and efficient grinding performance with reduced energy consumption.

Implementation Method 1

silicon nitride in the form of a powder is added to the metallic powder before sintering

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSintering: Sintering

Implementation Method 2

The hybrid matrix with silicon nitride improves wear resistance and maintains a high G-ratio, ensuring predictable and efficient grinding performance with reduced energy consumption

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction: Friction

Data Source

PatentEP2734334B1A grinding tool for machining brittle materials and a method of making a grinding tool
Publication Date: 2022.11.02 3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO
  • EP2734334B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2734334B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2734334B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

The invention relates to a grinding tool 1 for machining brittle materials. The grinding tool 1 has a core 2 and an abrasive rim 4. The abrasive rim 4 comprises abrasive particles 5 embedded in a matrix 6. The matrix 6 comprises a metallic bonding agent and possibly also a polymeric bonding agent. The metallic bonding agent contains silicon nitride in an amount that constitutes 0.02% -5.0 % by volume of the metallic bonding agent. The invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the grinding tool. In the method, abrasive particles are mixed with metal powder and silicon nitride and the mixture is sintered. Polymeric powder may also be added before sintering.