Silicon-Tin Alloy Negative Electrode Carbon Cover Layer Cycle Durability

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing negative electrodes for lithium ion secondary batteries lack sufficient cycle durability, leading to performance degradation after repeated charge and discharge cycles.

Innovation Solution

A negative electrode design featuring a carbon cover layer with a specific particle size ratio to a silicon-containing alloy, along with a negative electrode electric conducting additive, which reduces direct contact with the electrolyte and enhances electrical conductivity, thereby improving cycle durability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If silicon-containing alloy is used as negative electrode material, then capacity is improved, but cycle durability deteriorates due to excessive contact with electrolyte causing decomposition

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovecapacityVSAvoidcycle durability
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

A carbon cover layer is introduced as an intermediary between the silicon-containing alloy and the electrolyte. This carbon layer reduces direct contact between the alloy and electrolyte, preventing excessive decomposition while maintaining electrical conductivity through appropriate particle size selection (D50 ratio of 100-500). The carbon material acts as a mediator that protects the silicon alloy from harmful electrolyte interaction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The invention optimizes the particle size parameters by controlling the D50 ratio of silicon-containing alloy to carbon material to be within 100-500. This parameter change ensures adequate coverage of the alloy particles by carbon material, reducing electrolyte contact area while maintaining conductivity. The specific particle size ratio is critical for achieving both high capacity and long cycle durability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If carbon cover layer is added to reduce electrolyte contact, then cycle durability is improved, but electrical conductivity may deteriorate

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecycle durabilityVSAvoidelectrical conductivity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The invention carefully controls the particle size parameters (D50 ratio of 100-500) and carbon content (0.1-5 mass%) to optimize the balance between protection and conductivity. By adjusting these parameters, the carbon cover layer provides sufficient electrolyte barrier while maintaining adequate electrical conductivity for battery operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The carbon cover layer is applied with specific local characteristics through controlled particle size distribution. The carbon material particles are sized to provide appropriate coverage density, creating local regions with optimized protection-conductivity balance. This local quality control ensures that the carbon layer protects against electrolyte while maintaining electron transport pathways.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Reliability

If carbon content is increased to improve coverage, then cycle durability is improved, but manufacturing cost and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecycle durabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The invention optimizes the carbon content parameter to a specific range (0.1-5 mass%) to achieve the minimum effective coverage. This parameter optimization avoids excessive carbon addition while ensuring sufficient protection. The controlled particle size ratio (D50 of 100-500) further enhances coverage efficiency, reducing the need for high carbon content and simplifying manufacturing processes.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The proposed design significantly enhances the cycle durability of lithium ion secondary batteries by minimizing contact between the silicon-containing alloy and the electrolyte, preventing excessive decomposition and maintaining electrical conductivity, resulting in improved charge and discharge efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

a carbon cover layer including a carbon material and covering a silicon-containing alloy

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhysical barrier formation: Coatings

Implementation Method 2

the amount of DBP oil absorption of the carbon material is 240 mL/100 g or greater, wherein the amount of DBP oil absorption is obtained according to JIS K6221 (1975)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 3

the average particle diameter of the silicon-containing alloy and the carbon material are particle diameters when a cumulative value of particle size distribution is 50% by mass, measured by a laser diffraction method

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectLaser diffraction: Diffraction

Data Source

PatentEP3547410B1Negative electrode for electrical devices, and electrical device in which same is used
Publication Date: 2022.04.20 NISSAN MOTOR CO LTD
  • EP3547410B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3547410B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3547410B1 patent drawing

AI summary

A negative electrode (10) for an electric device includes a silicon-containing alloy (1) containing silicon and tin, a carbon cover layer (2) including a carbon material and covering the silicon-containing alloy (1), and a negative electrode electric conducting additive (3). A ratio of an average particle diameter of the silicon-containing alloy (1) to an average particle diameter of the carbon material is 240 or greater. The negative electrode (10) for an electric device and an electric device (100) using the negative electrode (10) can improve cycle durability.