Silicon Wafer Dislocation Testing with Edge-Effect Exclusion

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for assessing the resistance of semiconductor wafers to thermally induced dislocations are not simple, reliable, or reproducible, as they are influenced by edge effects and vary in test conditions.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a heat treatment in a vertical furnace with a long finger boat, where the distance between support points and the wafer edge is tailored to prevent edge effects, combined with BFA analysis using a SIRD system to evaluate dislocation resistance, ensuring consistent and reproducible results.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If the semiconductor wafer is subjected to heat treatment in a vertical furnace with fingers at standard positions, then the test can be performed using conventional equipment, but edge effects influence the test result and reduce reliability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetest result reliabilityVSAvoidedge effects
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by positioning the fingers at specific distances from the wafer edge (5-40% of diameter) rather than uniformly distributing them. This creates different local conditions: the region near the edge (within 1-33% of diameter) is excluded from evaluation to avoid edge effects, while the central region provides reliable dislocation data. The evaluation is locally focused on areas away from edge influences.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Area of stationary object

If the distance between support points and wafer edge is reduced, then more support points can be used increasing test coverage, but edge effects begin to influence the test result

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveevaluation area coverageVSAvoidtest result reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the critical parameter of finger positioning distance from the wafer edge to a specific range (5-40% of diameter). This parameter optimization allows the evaluation area to extend sufficiently far from the edge to capture dislocation patterns while maintaining reliability by excluding the immediate edge region (1-33% from edge) from evaluation. The parameter change balances coverage and reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If the heat treatment temperature is increased to induce dislocations, then the test sensitivity increases, but the critical stress changes and results become less reproducible

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedislocation detection sensitivityVSAvoidtest result reproducibility
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the heat treatment temperature parameter to a specific range (900-1200°C) rather than using arbitrarily high temperatures. This controlled parameter change ensures sufficient dislocation induction for sensitive detection while maintaining reproducibility by avoiding temperatures that cause excessive critical stress variations. The parameter is tailored to the specific semiconductor material properties.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Measurement precision

If the duration of heat treatment is extended to induce more dislocations, then the test sensitivity improves, but the dislocations may propagate to the edge and contaminate the measurement

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedislocation detection sensitivityVSAvoiddislocation propagation to edge
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent takes preliminary action by pre-calculating and pre-setting the evaluation exclusion zone (1-33% from edge) before conducting the heat treatment. This preliminary definition of the evaluation boundary ensures that even if dislocations propagate toward the edge during extended heat treatment, they will not contaminate the measurement data. The safe zone is established in advance based on expected dislocation propagation distances.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This method allows for a reliable and reproducible assessment of semiconductor wafers' resistance to thermally induced dislocations, focusing on the properties of the material and optimizing heat treatment conditions to induce dislocations within specific areas for accurate characterization.

Implementation Method 1

US2004 0 021 097 A1 describes a way in which SIRD (Scanning Infrared Depolarization) can be used to investigate mechanical stresses in semiconductor wafers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSIRD (Scanning Infrared Depolarization): Polarisation

Implementation Method 2

heat treatments of semiconductor wafers in a vertical furnace can cause thermally induced dislocations

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal stress: Thermal Expansion

Data Source

PatentEP4386819A1Method for testing the resistance of monocrystalline silicon wafers to thermally induced dislocations
Publication Date: 2024.06.19 SILTRONIC AG
  • EP4386819A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4386819A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4386819A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for testing the resistance of single-crystal silicon semiconductor wafers to thermally induced dislocations, comprising subjecting a semiconductor wafer to a heat treatment in a vertical furnace tailored to the properties of the semiconductor material, wherein the semiconductor wafer has a diameter and rests on bearing points of a number of fingers of a boat and a distance of the bearing points to an edge of the semiconductor wafer has a length that is not less than 5% and not more than 40% of the diameter of the semiconductor wafer; performing a BFA analysis of one or more sub-areas of the semiconductor wafer around the bearing points using a SIRD system, wherein the shortest distance of the one or more sub-areas to the edge of the semiconductor wafer is not less than 1 mm and not more than 33% of the diameter of the semiconductor wafer.