Single-Crystal Silicon Wafer RTA for Denuded Zone and BMD Control

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Solution Overview

Problem

Semiconductor wafers made of single-crystal silicon require enhanced mechanical robustness and controlled bulk microdefect (BMD) formation without introducing oxygen-induced stacking faults (OSF) defects, while maintaining a radially homogeneous BMD density across the wafer.

Innovation Solution

A method involving the Czochralski growth of single-crystal silicon wafers with specific oxygen and nitrogen concentration control, followed by a series of Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) treatments in argon and ammonia atmospheres to create a denuded zone and promote BMD formation, ensuring mechanical robustness and homogeneous BMD distribution.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Stability of the object's composition

If RTA treatment under argon with holding temperature over 1300°C is applied, then oxygen diffuses out near the surface creating a shallow DZ, but the mechanical robustness of the semiconductor wafer is weakened

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveDZ depth and oxygen distributionVSAvoidmechanical robustness
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies multiple RTA treatments with different temperature parameters (first treatment at higher temperature to create DZ, second treatment at lower temperature to preserve strength) to optimize both DZ depth and mechanical robustness simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The first RTA treatment is performed in advance to establish the desired oxygen distribution and DZ structure before the second RTA treatment, which then fine-tunes the properties without creating excessive oxygen loss

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Strength

If the semiconductor wafer is doped with nitrogen to strengthen mechanical robustness and promote BMD formation, then mechanical robustness is improved, but OSF defects are introduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical robustnessVSAvoidOSF defects
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes nitrogen from the system by using intrinsic silicon material without nitrogen doping, thereby eliminating the source of OSF defects while maintaining mechanical robustness through controlled oxygen distribution achieved by RTA treatments

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent converts the potential harm of oxygen (which can cause OSF defects when combined with nitrogen) into a beneficial element by precisely controlling oxygen distribution through RTA treatments to create the desired DZ structure without nitrogen-induced defects

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

3Stability of the object's composition

If multiple RTA treatments are applied to control oxygen distribution and create DZ, then DZ depth and BMD formation are improved, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoxygen distribution and DZ structureVSAvoidnumber of RTA treatment steps
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the oxygen distribution control process into two distinct RTA treatment steps, each with specific temperature and atmosphere parameters, allowing independent optimization of DZ creation and mechanical property preservation

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method produces semiconductor wafers with improved mechanical robustness and controlled BMD formation, maintaining a denuded zone and homogeneous BMD density across the wafer, reducing OSF defects and enhancing thermal stress resistance.

Implementation Method 1

growing a single crystal of silicon using the CZ method

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCzochralski method: Crystallisation

Implementation Method 2

control the quotient of pulling speed V and axial temperature gradient G at the phase boundary between the single crystal and the melt

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase boundary control: Temperature Gradient

Implementation Method 3

Rapid Thermal Annealing (RTA) treatments in argon and ammonia atmospheres to create a denuded zone

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRapid Thermal Annealing: Annealing

Implementation Method 4

oxygen diffuses out near the surface under such conditions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOxygen diffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 5

the semiconductor wafer can be doped with nitrogen, for example

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNitrogen doping: Nitriding

Data Source

PatentEP4151782B1Single crystal silicon semiconductor wafer and method of manufacturing a single crystal silicon semiconductor wafer
Publication Date: 2024.02.21 SILTRONIC AG
  • EP4151782B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4151782B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4151782B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Method for producing a semiconductor wafer from single-crystal silicon, comprising in this order: growing a single crystal from silicon according to the CZ method; separating at least one semiconductor wafer from single-crystal silicon from the single crystal; a first, second and third RTA treatment of the semiconductor wafer.