Silsesquioxane Wire Coatings for Rubber-Metal Adhesion Retention
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for promoting adhesion between rubber and metallic reinforcement cords, such as steel wire, face challenges with degradation over time, particularly in thermal and thermo-oxidizing aging, and require costly additives like cobalt and high sulfur levels, while also generating volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Innovation Solution
The use of amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane (AMS) compounds, including amino/mercaptan co-AMS, as adhesives that coat steel wire to enhance adhesion and adhesion retention without the need for special additives, providing improved resistance to thermal and humidity aging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If traditional adhesion promoters (cobalt salts, high sulfur, resins) are incorporated into rubber composition, then adhesion between rubber and steel reinforcement is improved, but thermal and thermo-oxidizing aging resistance deteriorates and cost increases
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the chemical composition parameters by using amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds with specific molecular structures containing amino groups and silsesquioxane units, replacing traditional cobalt salts and high sulfur formulations. This parameter change achieves both improved adhesion and maintained aging resistance
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs composite material strategy by combining amino groups with silsesquioxane structural units to create a multifunctional adhesion promoter that provides both bonding capability and thermal stability, eliminating the need for separate cobalt salt and sulfur additives
2Strength
If brass plated steel wire is used with high sulfur and cobalt salt rubber formulation, then adhesion is achieved, but adhesion retention after aging deteriorates and environmental resistance worsens
Solution Approach 1:
The invention modifies the chemical parameters by using amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds with controlled amino group content and silsesquioxane structure, replacing the traditional high sulfur-cobalt salt system. This achieves both initial adhesion and long-term adhesion retention after aging
3Strength
If alkoxy organosiloxanes in alcoholic solution are applied to metal plated wire cords, then adhesion is promoted, but environmental harm increases due to VOC emissions and the adhesive solution has limited lifetime
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the solvent parameter by using water as the carrier instead of alcoholic solutions. The amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds are dissolved or dispersed in water, eliminating VOC emissions while maintaining adhesion promotion effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The invention uses water as a renewable, non-harmful solvent that can be easily replaced and does not pose environmental concerns, replacing the limited-lifetime alcoholic adhesive solutions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane compounds offer excellent adhesion performance that is resistant to degradation, reducing the need for costly additives and VOC emissions, while maintaining effective bonding even after humidity aging.
Implementation Method 1
amino alkoxy-modified silsesquoxane (AMS) compounds, including amino/mercaptan co-AMS, as adhesives that coat steel wire
Implementation Method 2
amino alkoxy-modified silsesquoxane compounds offer excellent adhesion performance that is resistant to degradation
Data Source
AI summary
Amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxanes (amino AMS), and/or amino co-AMS compounds that also comprise a mercaptosilane or a blocked mercaptosilane, are excellent adhesives for coating plated or unplated metal wire for adherence of the wire to a rubber stock. The amino AMS and/or the amino/mercaptan co-AMS adhesives can be used with all types of rubber and there is no requirement for the use of special adhesive additives to the rubber vulcanizates, such as, but not limited to, cobalt, resins and high sulfur levels. In particular, the use of amino AMS and/or amino/mercaptan co-AMS compounds as adhesives for bonding wire to rubber also improves the adherence performance of the reinforcements to obtain sufficient bonding that is resistant to degradation over the course of time, especially resistance to thermal aging and/or thermo-oxidizing aging, in particular corrosion in the presence of water. Vulcanized rubber compositions that contain an amino AMS and/or amino/mercaptan co-AMS compound also have improved adhesion to embedded uncoated steel after humidity aging compared with vulcanized rubber compositions not containing the amino alkoxy-modified silsesquioxane.