Silver Oxide Formulation with Irregular Macrocrystal Structure
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions
Solution Overview
Problem
Current anti-microbial silver oxide formulations, particularly those involving silver(II) oxide, require further improvement in terms of efficacy and stability, as they may not fully leverage the potential antimicrobial properties of silver oxides, especially in dermatological applications.
Innovation Solution
A formulation featuring silver(II) oxide with an irregular macrocrystal structure, characterized by specific particle size and thermogravimetric analysis properties, is developed, incorporating a mixture of silver(II) and silver(I) oxides, which are dispersed in a base material, enhancing their antimicrobial efficacy through controlled processing conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional silver oxide formulations are used, then basic anti-microbial properties are provided, but efficacy against dermatologically relevant microorganisms is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by precisely controlling the particle size distribution (D10, D50, D90 values) and crystal structure parameters (FWHM of diffraction peaks) of silver oxide particles to optimize anti-microbial efficacy while maintaining formulation stability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite materials by combining silver oxide particles with specific organic compounds (such as panthenol, glycerin, and various esters) to create a formulation that enhances anti-microbial activity while providing skin conditioning benefits
2Reliability
If silver oxide particle size is reduced to enhance surface area, then anti-microbial activity increases, but particle aggregation and stability issues arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes particle size parameters by specifying D10, D50, and D90 values that balance surface area for activity with dispersion stability, preventing aggregation while maintaining high anti-microbial efficacy
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses intermediary substances such as surfactants and skin conditioning agents that act as mediators between silver oxide particles and the formulation matrix, preventing particle aggregation while maintaining stability
3Reliability
If silver(II) oxide is used to maximize oligodynamic properties, then germicidal effectiveness increases, but formulation stability and handling become more difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The patent controls the oxidation state parameters of silver oxide, maintaining silver(II) for efficacy while using controlled reduction to form mixed valence compounds that are easier to handle and formulate
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates local quality variations by having different regions or aspects of the silver oxide particles with different properties - maintaining Ag(II) character for germicidal activity while introducing Ag(I) character for improved formulation stability and handling
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The formulation demonstrates increased antimicrobial efficacy against various microorganisms, including dermatologically relevant species, by optimizing the structural properties and stability of silver oxides, leading to improved bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal effects.
Implementation Method 1
the effects of the electron transfer involved with respect to the tetroxide, phenomenally, rendered it a more powerful germicide than other silver entities. The oligodynamic properties of these entities may be summarized as follows
Implementation Method 2
a lability pattern of a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) performed on the solid phase in a chamber, under a pure nitrogen environment and a temperature ramp rate of 10° C./minute
Implementation Method 3
the irregular macrocrystal structure characterized by a diffraction peak in a {111} diffraction plane having at least one of the following structural properties: (i) a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak of at least 0.24 degrees of 2θ
Data Source
AI summary
A formulation including at least one silver oxide including a silver(II) oxide, the silver(II) oxide having an irregular macrocrystal structure, the silver oxide having an average particle size (D50) below 8 micrometers, the irregular macrocrystal structure characterized by a diffraction peak in a {111} diffraction plane having at least one of the following structural properties: (i) a measured full width half maximum (FWHM) of the peak being at least 0.24 degrees of 2θ; and (ii) a net full width half maximum (net FWHM) of the peak being at least 0.14 degrees of 2θ.