SIMS Ionization Yield via Perfluoroalkane Catalytic Gas

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Solution Overview

Problem

The efficiency and sensitivity of Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) are limited by the low ionization yield of the milling/ablation process, where only about 1% of ablated particles appear as ions, hindering the overall performance of SIMS systems.

Innovation Solution

The use of a catalytic gas, specifically perfluoroalkanes and their isomers, is introduced proximal to the specimen surface during irradiation to enhance ionization yield by releasing fluorine atoms that convert neutral particles into charged ions, thereby increasing the number of ions available for analysis.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a conventional SIMS method is used without catalytic gas, then the apparatus structure remains simple, but the ionization yield is low (only about 1% of ablated particles appear as ions)

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionization yieldVSAvoidapparatus structure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

A catalytic gas (such as perfluoroalkane) is introduced as an intermediary substance between the ion beam and the specimen surface. The gas molecules interact with the ablated particles to enhance ionization through charge exchange reactions, thereby increasing the ionization yield from 1% to potentially 10-100 times higher without fundamentally changing the SIMS apparatus structure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Productivity

If freon gas is used to enhance ionization, then the ionization yield improves, but depositing materials may occur on the specimen surface

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveionization yieldVSAvoidmaterial deposition on specimen
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent optimizes the catalytic gas pressure to a specific range (10^-6 to 10^-3 Pa) to balance ionization enhancement with minimizing deposition. By controlling the gas pressure parameter, sufficient catalytic effect is achieved while preventing excessive material deposition on the specimen surface.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

Perfluoroalkane gases are used as catalytic gases that promote ionization through their high electronegativity and reactive fluorine atoms. These gases enhance the ionization process more effectively than conventional gases while reducing unwanted deposition effects.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #38Strong oxidants (Accelerated oxidation)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach significantly enhances the ionization degree and analysis sensitivity, leading to higher-resolution SIMS independently of the detector or primary ion beam species used, without the drawbacks of depositing materials on the specimen.

Implementation Method 1

releasing fluorine atoms that convert neutral particles into charged ions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectron transfer: Ionisation

Implementation Method 2

the use of a catalytic gas, specifically perfluoroalkanes and their isomers, is introduced proximal to the specimen surface during irradiation to enhance ionization yield

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCatalysis: Catalysis

Implementation Method 3

Using an ion beam to irradiate a region of a surface of said specimen, thereby producing ablated specimen material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSputtering: Sputtering

Implementation Method 4

producing ablated specimen material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAblation: Ablation

Data Source

PatentEP3477682B1Improved SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry technique
Publication Date: 2020.03.11 FEI CO
  • EP3477682B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

A method of performing Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, comprising: - Providing a specimen on a specimen holder; - Using an ion beam to irradiate a region of a surface of said specimen, thereby producing ablated specimen material; - Collecting ionized constituents of said ablated material in a mass analyzer, and sorting them according to species, further comprising: - Providing a catalytic gas proximal said region of the specimen surface during said irradiation, said gas comprising a component selected from the group comprising perfluoroalkanes and their isomers.