Simplified Overlay Header for Campus Network Line Rate Performance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing overlay architectures in campus networks face excessive network bandwidth usage and hardware performance degradation due to additional headers and processing overheads, especially in scenarios involving multiple overlay protocols.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a simplified overlay header that carries locally significant forwarding information, detectable as a single physical hop away, to reduce processing overheads and manage communications efficiently across different forwarding engines, while retaining the original header for multi-hop scenarios and failures.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a regular overlay header is used for all communications, then overlay protocol forwarding information is complete and accurate, but network bandwidth usage increases and hardware switching performance degrades

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoverlay forwarding accuracyVSAvoidhardware switching performance
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by implementing two different overlay header types: a simplified header for single-hop communications and a regular header for multi-hop communications. The simplified header contains only locally significant forwarding information (destination MAC address and VLAN ID) for immediate next-hop forwarding, while the regular header includes complete overlay protocol information (outer IP header, LISP encapsulation) for multi-hop routing. This differentiation allows hardware switches to use optimized simplified headers for most campus network traffic, improving switching performance while maintaining full functionality where needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple overlay protocols are involved for the same frame, then comprehensive overlay functionality is achieved, but processing overhead increases due to multiple decapsulation and encapsulation operations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoverlay protocol compatibilityVSAvoidforwarding pipeline complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the overlay forwarding process into two distinct paths: single-hop forwarding using simplified headers that bypass complex decapsulation/encapsulation operations, and multi-hop forwarding using regular headers that follow the complete overlay protocol stack. By segmenting traffic flows based on hop count, the system achieves multi-protocol compatibility when needed while reducing processing overhead for the majority of single-hop traffic in campus networks.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by implementing only the necessary overlay protocol operations for each traffic type. For single-hop traffic, only minimal header processing is performed without full decapsulation and re-encapsulation cycles. For multi-hop traffic, complete overlay protocol operations are executed. This selective approach reduces unnecessary processing overhead while maintaining full protocol functionality where required.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Productivity

If simplified overlay header is used for single hop communications, then processing overhead is reduced and line rate performance is achieved, but capability to handle multi-hop scenarios is lost

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveforwarding processing speedVSAvoidmulti-hop scenario support
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamics by making the overlay header format adaptable based on communication scenario. The system dynamically selects between simplified headers for single-hop traffic and regular headers for multi-hop traffic. This dynamic adaptation allows the forwarding system to optimize performance for the predominant single-hop case while maintaining capability for multi-hop scenarios, rather than being constrained to a single fixed header format.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Data Source

PatentEP3095216B1Single hop overlay architecture for line rate performance in campus networks
Publication Date: 2020.09.30 CISCO TECHNOLOGY INC
  • EP3095216B1 patent drawingFigure 1
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  • EP3095216B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Methods and systems are provided for detecting overlay end points which are a single physical hop away and employing a simplified overlay header instead of a regular overlay header for communications with the identified end points. The simplified overlay header may carry overlay protocol related forwarding and peer information and may be designed to carry locally significant forwarding information which avoids overlay lookup related overhead on encapsulation and decapsulation operations. The simplified overlay header may be handled in the same forwarding pipeline pass as the handling of the inner frame and may work across different forwarding engines. Upon detection of a single hop link/keepalive failure, the backup overlay (original overlay header) may be used for forwarding.