Simultaneous vapor and liquid injection

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Solution Overview

Problem

Transport climate control systems using A2L refrigerants face challenges in maintaining a desired discharge temperature due to high heat of compression, leading to increased energy consumption and reduced refrigeration capacity, especially when vapor and liquid injection ports are separated, which can result in higher discharge temperatures and reduced sub-cooling capabilities.

Innovation Solution

A system and method for simultaneous vapor and liquid injection control in transport climate control systems, incorporating a compressor with separate vapor and liquid injection ports, a condenser, sub-cooling unit, receiver, and economizer, where a controller adjusts the flow control device to manage the amount of liquid refrigerant injected to maintain the discharge temperature below a threshold, optimizing the compressor's operating envelope and preventing reduced vapor injection mass flow.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Object-affected harmful factors

If A2L refrigerants with lower GWP are used, then environmental performance is improved, but discharge temperature increases due to high heat of compression

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveglobal warming potentialVSAvoiddischarge temperature
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The injection system is segmented into separate vapor injection port and liquid injection port, allowing independent control of vapor and liquid refrigerant injection to optimize discharge temperature management for A2L refrigerants

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the physical state parameter of refrigerant injection by providing both vapor and liquid injection capabilities, adjusting the proportion of liquid to vapor injection to control discharge temperature while using A2L refrigerants

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Temperature

If liquid injection amount is increased to reduce discharge temperature, then discharge temperature control is improved, but vapor injection mass flow is reduced leading to reduced sub-cooling capability

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedischarge temperatureVSAvoidrefrigeration capacity
Core Design Contradiction:
TemperatureVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The controller receives feedback from temperature sensors monitoring discharge temperature and evaporator temperature, dynamically adjusting the liquid and vapor injection amounts to maintain discharge temperature below threshold while preserving sub-cooling capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system dynamically adjusts the proportion of liquid versus vapor injection based on real-time operating conditions, allowing optimal refrigeration capacity and discharge temperature control across varying load conditions

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Use of energy by moving object

If separate vapor and liquid injection ports are used, then energy consumption is reduced relative to refrigeration capacity, but discharge temperature control becomes more challenging

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy consumptionVSAvoidinjection system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The compressor is designed with multi-functionality to handle both vapor and liquid refrigerant injection through separate ports, enabling efficient energy consumption across different operating conditions while maintaining manageable system complexity through integrated control

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach effectively maintains a discharge temperature at or below a desired level, prevents reduction in sub-cooling capability, and achieves a wider compressor operating envelope within mechanical design limits, enhancing refrigeration capacity and energy efficiency.

Implementation Method 1

liquid injection port separated from the vapor injection port... adjust an amount of liquid refrigerant into the liquid injection port to maintain a discharge temperature of the compressor at or below a threshold

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat absorption: Absorption (physical)

Implementation Method 2

prevent reduction of sub-cooling capability of the refrigerant flowing through the evaporator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP4234292A1Simultaneous vapor and liquid injection
Publication Date: 2023.08.30 THERMO KING CORP
  • EP4234292A1 patent drawingFigure 1A
  • EP4234292A1 patent drawingFigure 1B
  • EP4234292A1 patent drawingFigure 1C

AI summary

Systems and methods for simultaneous vapor and liquid injection for a transport climate control system are provided. The system includes a compressor (210), a condenser having a condensing unit (220) and a sub-cooling unit (320), a receiver (230), an economizer (330) having a vapor outlet and a liquid outlet, a controller (350), and a flow control device (340). The receiver is disposed downstream of the condensing unit and upstream of the sub-cooling unit. The economizer is disposed downstream of the sub-cooling unit. The compressor includes a suction port (211), a vapor injection port (214) connected to the vapor outlet of the economizer, and a liquid injection port (213) separated from the vapor injection port. The controller is configured to control the flow control device to adjust an amount of liquid refrigerant into the liquid injection port to maintain a discharge temperature of the compressor at or below a threshold.