Single-Cell Battery Monitoring With Bypass AC and Impedance Sensing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing energy storage systems, particularly battery packs, face safety, performance, and flexibility concerns due to centralized monitoring and control at the system level, leading to inefficiencies and potential hazards.
Innovation Solution
Implementing cell-level monitoring and control systems, including battery half-wave generators, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and strain sensors directly on individual cells, allowing for precise management and safety measures without the need for large external equipment.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Device complexity
If centralized system-level monitoring and control is used, then device complexity is reduced, but measurement precision and response time for safety events deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the battery management system into distributed cell-level monitoring units, each independently monitoring its own cell parameters (voltage, temperature, strain). This segmentation enables precise cell-level measurement while maintaining overall system coordination through a centralized controller that aggregates data and executes control decisions.
2Measurement precision
If cell-level monitoring components are added, then measurement precision improves, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple monitoring functions (voltage sensing, temperature sensing, strain sensing, and impedance measurement) into integrated cell-level monitoring units. This merging reduces the overall number of separate components and simplifies the system architecture while maintaining high measurement precision through dedicated sensors for each parameter.
3Device complexity
If battery pack level processing is used, then device complexity is reduced, but productivity and response time deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements preliminary safety measures by continuously monitoring cell-level parameters and pre-configuring response protocols. When abnormal conditions are detected (such as excessive strain, temperature, or voltage deviations), the system immediately executes pre-planned safety actions (isolation, cooling, or discharge control) without requiring complex real-time decision-making, thus improving response speed while maintaining manageable system complexity.
4Device complexity
If centralized control is used, then device complexity is reduced, but adaptability to individual cell conditions deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic cell-level control where each cell can be independently managed based on its specific condition. The system dynamically adjusts charging rates, temperature management, and safety protocols for individual cells based on real-time sensor data. This dynamic adaptation allows the system to optimize performance and safety for each cell while maintaining overall pack coordination through the centralized controller.
Data Source
AI summary
A battery system is provided having control, diagnostic, and safety features implemented at the battery cell level. By selectively bypassing one or more battery cells, a battery pack may function as a half-wave generator that produces a half-sine wave output voltage that can be converted into an alternating current using switching circuitry. Moreover, by applying a mixed signal to an individual battery cell, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy can be implemented without the need for bulky external equipment. Further still, safety features, such as battery strain sensors, may be implemented at the battery cell level to provide improved safety information.