Single-Fiber Coherent Optics Using Split Wavelengths for Bidirectional Links

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission technologies using miniaturized single-light-source coherent optical transceivers are limited by the requirement for identical wavelengths in both directions, preventing signal transmission, and existing dual-light-source coherent optical transceivers are not compatible with miniaturized designs.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission apparatus with two miniaturized single-light-source coherent optical transceivers, where the wavelengths of the optical signals are differentiated, allowing for virtual dual-light-source operation, and incorporating a framing chip or self-recovery clock mode to manage clock signals.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If separate optical cables are used for upward and downward transmission, then transmission reliability is improved, but installation complexity and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission reliabilityVSAvoidinstallation complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines upward and downward optical transmission into a single optical cable by using different wavelengths for each direction. The wavelength division multiplexing device separates and combines light signals of different wavelengths, allowing bidirectional communication through one cable instead of requiring separate cables for each direction.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The optical cable is made universal by enabling it to carry multiple wavelength channels simultaneously for bidirectional transmission. The wavelength division device allows the same physical cable to perform multiple functions - transmitting both upward and downward signals through wavelength multiplexing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Productivity

If wavelength division multiplexing is implemented, then fiber usage efficiency is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefiber usage efficiencyVSAvoiddevice complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the optical spectrum into different wavelength channels for separate transmission paths. The wavelength division device separates light into different wavelength bands using optical filters or diff gratings, allowing multiple independent data streams to traverse the same fiber simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent adds the wavelength dimension to the traditional single-channel fiber transmission. Instead of using one wavelength per fiber, multiple wavelengths are utilized, effectively transforming a one-dimensional transmission system into a multi-dimensional one where frequency becomes an additional transmission resource.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

3Ease of manufacture

If a single optical cable is used for bidirectional transmission, then installation cost is reduced, but signal interference risk increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstallation costVSAvoidsignal interference
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent converts the potential harmful effect of signal interference into a beneficial separation mechanism by using wavelength division. Different wavelengths naturally propagate through the optical fiber with minimal cross-interference, and the wavelength division device exploits this physical property to isolate upward and downward signals.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #22Blessing in disguise (Convert harm into benefit)

Solution Approach 2:

The wavelength division device acts as an intermediary that separates and manages signals of different wavelengths. It uses optical components such as filters or diff gratings to direct specific wavelength ranges to appropriate transmission paths, preventing signal interference while maintaining efficient fiber utilization.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables high-rate optical transmission in both directions using miniaturized transceivers, maintaining signal integrity and compatibility with existing dual-fiber systems, while allowing for flexible fiber connections and scalability.

Implementation Method 1

transmitting different wavelengths of light in different directions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectWavelength Division Multiplexing:

Implementation Method 2

the optical receiver 30 to receive the light

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoelectric Effect: Photoelectric Effect

Data Source

PatentEP4210242B1Single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission apparatus, wavelength division device and optical transmission system
Publication Date: 2026.05.13 HUAWEI TECH CO LTD
  • EP4210242B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4210242B1 patent drawingFigure 4~6a
  • EP4210242B1 patent drawingFigure 6b~6d

AI summary

Embodiments of this application provide a single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission apparatus, a wavelength division multiplexing device, and an optical transmission system, to implement single-fiber bidirectional transmission by using miniaturized single-light-source coherent optical transceivers. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission apparatus includes: a first single-light-source coherent optical transceiver, configured to: receive a first optical signal from a first multiplexer/demultiplexer, convert the first optical signal into a first electrical signal, and send the first electrical signal to a first client signal processing apparatus; and a second single-light-source coherent optical transceiver, configured to: receive a second electrical signal from the first client signal processing apparatus, convert the second electrical signal into a second optical signal, and send the second optical signal to the first multiplexer/demultiplexer. A wavelength of the second optical signal is different from a wavelength of the first optical signal. The single-fiber bidirectional optical transmission apparatus may be used in a wavelength division multiplexing device.