Single-Hole Fuel Atomization Structure with Radial and Swirling Flow
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional electronically controlled fuel injectors have poor fuel atomization efficiency due to circular or annular injection holes, resulting in large particle sizes and low atomization fineness, which affects combustion efficiency and emission quality.
Innovation Solution
A single-hole atomization fuel injector with a front atomization structure featuring a tube body, mounting sleeve, valve seat, fluid distributing member, fluid-through member, fluid swirling member, and metering member, which include radial fluid diverting slots, fluid-through holes, swirling slots, and a metering hole to generate turbulent flow and enhance atomization, refining particle size and improving atomization fineness.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Manufacturing precision
If a circular or annular injection hole is used in conventional fuel injectors, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the fuel atomization effect is poor with large particle size and low atomization fineness
Solution Approach 1:
The single injection hole is segmented into multiple flow paths by introducing fluid distributing members with radial slots and fluid swirling members with circumferential slots. This segmentation transforms the single large-hole injection into multiple smaller flow paths, significantly improving atomization fineness while maintaining a relatively simple overall structure.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention introduces radial and circumferential slot structures that add dimensional complexity to the flow path. The fluid distributes from the center outward through radial slots, then swirls through circumferential slots, creating a multi-dimensional flow pattern that enhances atomization without requiring a completely complex multi-hole design.
2Manufacturing precision
If the injection hole diameter is reduced to improve atomization, then atomization particle size decreases, but liquid beams are easily formed and atomization stability deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The invention introduces a fluid swirling member with circumferential slots that creates a rotating/swirling flow pattern. This dynamic flow pattern prevents the formation of stable liquid beams while maintaining fine atomization, as the rotating motion continuously disrupts the fuel flow and promotes droplet formation without creating unstable conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent utilizes hydraulic principles by designing the fluid distributing member with radial slots and the fluid swirling member with circumferential slots to create specific flow patterns. The hydraulic design ensures that fuel is distributed and swirled in a controlled manner, preventing liquid beam formation while maintaining stable fine atomization through optimized flow dynamics.
3Device complexity
If a single-hole atomization structure is used, then the device structure is simplified, but the fuel atomization effect is insufficient compared to multi-hole structures
Solution Approach 1:
The single injection hole is functionally segmented into multiple flow paths using radial slots in the fluid distributing member and circumferential slots in the fluid swirling member. This allows a single-hole structure to achieve atomization performance comparable to multi-hole structures while maintaining structural simplicity and ease of manufacturing.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention employs a nested structure where the fluid distributing member with radial slots is positioned within the injection hole, and the fluid swirling member with circumferential slots is nested within the fluid distributing member. This nested arrangement allows multiple functional elements to be integrated into a single-hole structure, achieving complex atomization functions without increasing overall structural complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The improved atomization structure significantly refines particle size, enhances atomization efficiency, and facilitates better fuel-air mixing, leading to improved combustion and reduced carbon accumulation in engine cylinders, while improving vehicle emissions cleanliness.
Implementation Method 1
the fluid distributing member is provided with multiple fluid diverting slots extending in radial directions for distributing fluid beam passing through the valve hole into multiple strands
Implementation Method 2
the fluid swirling member is provided with a fluid swirling hole, and the fluid swirling hole is further provided with multiple fluid swirling slots, which are in communication with the fluid swirling hole in a circumferential direction of the fluid swirling hole for generating turbulent flow when fluid passing through the fluid swirling slots
Implementation Method 3
the metering member abuts a bottom surface of the fluid swirling member; the metering member is provided with a metering hole in an opening range of the fluid swirling hole for atomizing the fluid when the fluid passing through the metering hole
Data Source
AI summary
A front atomization structure of a single-hole atomization fuel injector comprises a tube, an installation sleeve, a valve base, a flow splitter, an overflow member, a rotating flow member, and a metering member. Splitting recesses are arranged at the flow splitter to split a flow into a plurality of streams. An overflow hole is arranged at the overflow member to further limit the stream of the split flow. A rotating flow hole and a rotating flow recess are arranged at the rotating flow member. Upon passing the rotating flow recess, the stream of the split flow impacts a bottom portion of the rotating flow recess blocked by the metering member to form a turbulent stream which converges toward the rotating flow hole. Also provided is a single-hole fuel atomization and injection device.